ReviewMedicine and pharmacy reports2021
PD-1/PD-L1 expression in pancreatic cancer and its implication in novel therapies.
Review in Medicine and pharmacy reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune-Based Therapies in Pancreatic Cancer: a Systematic Review of Ongoing Clinical Trials (2020-2022).Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Exploratory Multi-Platform Bioinformatic Analysis of MEAK7 and Its Molecular, Survival, and Immune Associations in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Synthetic lethality targets in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: prevalence and limitations of liquid biopsy detection in a minority-serving cancer center.Future oncology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Nootkatone as a multi-target modulator of the PD-L1/PD-1 signaling in pancreatic cancer: network pharmacology, docking, molecular dynamics, and DFT analysis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Oncolytic adenovirus in combination with PD-L1-targeted radioimmunotherapy exerts synergistic antitumor effect against pancreatic cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- VISTA drives pancreatic tumor progression through modulation of the tumor-associated macrophage polarity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Pancreatic cancer immunotherapy biomarkers: from traditional markers to multimodal integration and dynamic monitoring.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Exploring the TRIM15 protein interaction network as a drug target using machine learning in pancreatic cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Lymphatic metastasis in pancreatic cancer: from bedside to bench and back.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025Review
- Emerging Concepts in Immuno-Oncology: Insights from Natural Language Processing-Driven Co-Occurrence Analysis.ACS omega · 2025Review
- Clinical Implications of Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Cancer medicine · 2025Review
- Tumor immune microenvironment alterations associated with progression in human intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms.The Journal of pathology · 2025Article
- Review
- Propionyl-CoA carboxylase subunit B regulates anti-tumor T cells in a pancreatic cancer mouse model.eLife · 2025Article
- Enhancing Pancreatic Cancer Therapy With Targeted CD133-Exosome Delivery of PD-L1 siRNA: A Preclinical Investigation.Pancreas · 2025Article
- Baseline AHR expression shapes immune response to pharmacological modulation in PBMCs from pancreatic cancer patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Development of a nomogram integrating immune checkpoints, fibrosis indicators, and clinicopathological characteristics to predict overall survival in pancreatic cancer: a retrospective analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- It's about TIME - Gal-9 as a potential immunotherapeutic target in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- PD-L1 knockout or ZG16 overexpression inhibits PDAC progression and modulates TAM polarization.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of death in developed countries and it still has a poor prognosis despite intense research in the last 20 years. Immunotherapy is a relatively new strategy in cancer treatment. The aim of immunotherapy is to block the immunosuppressive effect of tumoral cells. The PD1/PD-L1 axis has an important role in the inhibition of effector T cells and the development of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Blocking these checkpoints, and also inhibitory signals, leads to apoptosis of Tregs and increased immune response of effector T cells against tumoral antigens. Unfortunately, pancreatic cancer is generally considered to be a non-immunogenic tumor. Thus PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors demonstrated poor results in pancreatic cancer, excepting some patients with MSI/dMMR (microsatellite instability/deficient mismatch repair). Furthermore, pancreatic cancer has a particular microenvironment with a strong desmoplastic reaction, increased interstitial fluid pressure, hypoxic conditions, and acidic extracellular pH, which promote tumorigenesis and progression of the tumor. Mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) is correlated with a high level of mutation-associated neoantigens, most recognized by immune cells which could predict a favorable response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. PD-1/PD-L1 molecules could be also found as soluble forms (sPD-1, sPD-L1). These molecules have a potential role in the prognosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.