Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36104670›Full record

ArticleBMC neurology2022

Public and outpatients' awareness of calling emergency medical services immediately by acute stroke in an upper middle-income country: a cross-sectional questionnaire study in greater Gaborone, Botswana.

Ookeditse Ookeditse, Kebadiretse K Ookeditse, Thusego R Motswakadikgwa, Gosiame Masilo, Yaone Bogatsu, Baleufi C Lekobe, Mosepele Mosepele, Henrik Schirmer, Stein H Johnsen

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 32% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Prehospital stroke care in low- and middle-income countries: A World Stroke Organization (WSO) scientific statement.International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society · 2025
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Ookeditse OokeditseDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Division of Neurorehabilitation Medicine, Trust hospital in Vestfold, Kysthospitalet Sykehuset, P.O. Box 2168, 3103, Tønsberg, Norway.
Kebadiretse K OokeditseDepartment of Family Medicine and Occupational Medicine, Sidilega Private Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana.
Thusego R MotswakadikgwaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Sidilega Private Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana.
Gosiame MasiloDepartment of Family Medicine, Larvik County Acute and Emergency Clinic, Larvik, Norway.
Yaone BogatsuFaculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
Baleufi C LekobeDepartment of Internal Medicine, Sidilega Private Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana.
Mosepele MosepeleFaculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
Henrik SchirmerUIT The Arctic University of Norway, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tromsø, Norway.
Stein H JohnsenUIT The Arctic University of Norway, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tromsø, Norway. stein.harald.johnsen@unn.no.
University of Botswana · BWAkershus University Hospital · NOUiT The Arctic University of Norway · NO

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesIn this cross-sectional study from Botswana, we investigated awareness of calling emergency medical services (EMS) and seeking immediate medical assistance by acute stroke among stroke risk outpatients and public.

methodClosed-ended questionnaires on awareness of calling EMS and seeking immediate medical assistance by acute stroke, were administered by research assistants to a representative selection of outpatients and public.

resultsThe response rate was 96.0% (93.0% for public (2013) and 96.6% for outpatients (795)). Public respondents had mean age of 36.1 ± 14.5 years (age range 18-90 years) and 54.5% were females, while outpatients had mean age of 37.4 ± 12.7 years (age range 18-80 years) and 58.1% were females. Awareness of calling EMS (78.3%), and of seeking immediate medical assistance (93.1%) by stroke attack was adequate. For calling EMS by acute stroke, outpatients had higher awareness than the public (p < 0.05) among those with unhealthy diet (90.9% vs 71.1%), family history of both stroke and heart diseases (90.7% vs 61.2%), no history of psychiatric diseases (93.2% vs 76.0%) and sedentary lifestyle (87.5% vs 74.8%). Predictors of low awareness of both calling EMS and seeking immediate medical assistance were no medical insurance, residing/working together, history of psychiatric diseases, and normal weight. Male gender, ≥50 years age, primary education, family history of both stroke and heart diseases, current smoking, no history of HIV/AIDS, and light physical activity were predictors of low awareness of need for calling EMS.

conclusionResults call for educational campaigns on awareness of calling EMS and seeking immediate medical assistance among those with high risk factor levels.

Indexed as

Emergency Medical ServicesHeart DiseasesStrokeAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overBotswanaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedOutpatientsSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultAwarenessEmergency medical servicesOutpatientsPublicStroke risk factorsStroke symptomsThrombolytic therapy

Identifiers

PMID36104670
PMCPMC9472421
OpenAlexW4295808917

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.