ReviewBritish journal of cancer2022
Interpreting the results of noninferiority trials-a review.
Review in British journal of cancer, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Ablative Technologies for Thyroid Nodules: A Health Technology Assessment.Ontario health technology assessment series · 2026Pooled it
- Analgesic Effect of Cocaine and Lidocaine/Xylometazoline in Healthy Volunteers Undergoing Awake Nasal Intubation: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial.Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · 2025Trial
- Task-sharing and telemedicine delivery of psychotherapy to treat perinatal depression: a pragmatic, noninferiority randomized trial.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Addressing Mental Health Symptoms Among COVID-19 Healthcare Workers: A Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Pilot Study.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2024Trial
- A Blended Learning Course on the Diagnostics of Mental Disorders: Multicenter Cluster Randomized Noninferiority Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Trial
- Telemonitoring for perioperative care of outpatient bariatric surgery: Preference-based randomized clinical trial.PloS one · 2023Trial
- WIse CHoices in the ICU (WICH-ICU): Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan for a Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial of Choosing Wisely Interventions in Swedish Intensive Care Units.Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Post-trial provisions: Unblinding after a randomized blinded trial of spironolactone or doxycycline to treat acne in women.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2026Article
- Methodological Considerations Regarding Organ-Preserving Strategies for Malignant Colorectal Polyps.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Article
- Interpreting Non-Inferiority Across Effect Scales: A Bayesian Perspective with Clinical Translation.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2026Article
- Exploratory Cross-Trial Non-Inferiority Analysis of 2% Versus 1% Sodium Hyaluronate in Knee Osteoarthritis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Beyond theJCO precision oncology · 2026Review
- Dose Reduction of IL17 and IL23 Inhibitors in Psoriasis (BeNeBio study): An International, Pragmatic, Multicentre, Randomised, Controlled, Non-Inferiority Trial.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Noninferiority trial of low-dose intravenous dexamethasone on the analgesic effect of caudal block in children undergoing day-case orchiopexy: a randomized controlled study.Anesthesia and pain medicine · 2026Article
- Effectiveness, immunogenicity and safety of monovalent DS-5670a and bivalent DS-5670a/b SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: results from two randomized, active-comparator, non-inferiority trials.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Phase II multicentre double-blind randomised controlled trial of a Bivalent VaccInation againstBMJ open · 2026Article
- Comment on "Feasibility of Online Cognitive-behavioral Group Therapy Following Metabolic Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized Pilot Study".Obesity surgery · 2026Article
- Shorter or biomarker-guided antibiotic durations for common serious neonatal infections: a collection of non-inferiority meta-analyses.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Integrating secondary prevention of rheumatic heart disease into the primary healthcare system in Northern Uganda.BMJ global health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Noninferiority trials are becoming increasing common, but are often poorly reported and misunderstood. A better understanding of the new components of a noninferiority trial and their interpretation is needed. Noninferiority trials are an extension of conventional superiority trials, which provide a basis for determining if a new treatment, which may have advantages other than efficacy, has sufficient efficacy to be useful in certain situations. A key feature is the need to specify a clinical noninferiority margin above which the lower boundary of the confidence interval for the difference between the new treatment and the conventional treatment must lie. In most cases a nontreated control arm is not included, and when the efficacy of the new treatment is less than that of the standard treatment, determining its efficacy versus no treatment can be a major challenge. Treatments meeting a clinical noninferiority requirement can be statistically significantly superior to standard treatment, of similar efficacy (i.e., no significant difference), or even significantly inferior in a conventional analysis. Noninferiority comparisons are an important addition to the reporting of clinical trials, but require prior consideration of several factors that conventional superiority analyses do not address.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.