ArticleBMJ open2022
Development and validation of the health belief model questionnaire to promote smoking cessation for nasopharyngeal cancer prevention: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development, psychometric evaluation, and application of an eco-driving questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Chronic disease and smoking cessation intention: associations with oral health status, behaviors, and care in Korea.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Patterns of proactive health behaviors and associated factors among middle-aged and older women in China: a latent class analysis.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- Article
- Barriers and facilitators for oral health screening among tobacco users: a mixed-methods study.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Caregivers' Perceived Threat Of Sickle Cell Disease Complications And Its Association With Hydroxyurea Use Among Children With Sickle Cell Disease In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
objectiveLifestyle-induced nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a serious but preventable risk factor. This study serves to develop and validate a questionnaire that aims to predict the health behavioural intention on smoking cessation in Sarawak, Malaysia using the Health Belief Model (HBM).
designA cross-sectional study.
settingUrban and suburban areas in Sarawak, Malaysia.
participantsThe preliminary items of the instrument were developed after extensive literature review. The instrument was translated into the Malay language using the forward-backwards method before commencing with the content validity by a panel of 10 experts. Face validity was done both quantitatively and qualitatively by 10 smokers. The construct validity of the instrument was evaluated through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A total of 100 smokers participated in phase 1 for EFA, while 171 smokers participated in phase 2 for CFA. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficients to evaluate the reliability.
resultsIn the exploratory stage, the factor loading of each item remained within the acceptable threshold. The final revised CFA yielded appropriate fit of the seven-factor model with the following model fit indices: χ
conclusionsThe study substantiated the instrument to be valid and reliable for predicting smokers' health behavioural intention to reduce cancer risk. The instrument is made up of 34 items, categorised into two sections, six HBM constructs and health behavioural intention. The instrument can be utilised for other smoking cessation-related cancers in different at-risk populations.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.