ArticleLupus science & medicine2022
Interleukin (IL) 16: a candidate urinary biomarker for proliferative lupus nephritis.
Article in Lupus science & medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomarkers of Lupus Nephritis Histopathology: Where Do We Stand?Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Pooled it
- Liquid biopsy: current applications and future directions.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Evaluation of clinical, histological and biomarker response after initial therapy of lupus nephritis.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- Serum Soluble Mediator Signatures of Lupus Nephritis: Histologic Features and Response to Treatment.Arthritis care & research · 2026Article
- CCR7 Promotes Neutrophil Recruitment and N2 Polarization Through Regulation of IL-16 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.International dental journal · 2026Article
- Lupus nephritis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Biomarkers in Lupus Nephritis: An Evidence-Based Comprehensive Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Interleukin 16 in lupus nephritis-a role for Th1 and CD8+ T cell migration.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Article
- Role of interleukin-16 in human diseases: a novel potential therapeutic target.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Noninvasive biomarkers for lupus nephritis.Laboratory medicine · 2024Review
- Hyperalgesic Effect Evoked by il-16 and its Participation in Inflammatory Hypernociception in Mice.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2024Article
- Investigating the value of urinary biomarkers in relation to lupus nephritis histopathology: present insights and future prospects.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Single cell spatial transcriptomic profiling of childhood-onset lupus nephritis reveals complex interactions between kidney stroma and infiltrating immune cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Clinical diagnostic value of IL-14, 1L-16 and SAA in periodontitis.Clinical oral investigations · 2023Article
- Pathogenic cellular and molecular mediators in lupus nephritis.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2023Review
- Advanced methods and novel biomarkers in autoimmune diseases ‑ a review of the recent years progress in systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveLupus nephritis (LN) is a severe manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The pathogenesis is incompletely understood and diagnostic biomarkers are scarce. We investigated interleukin (IL) 16 as a potential biomarker for LN in a well-characterised cohort of patients with SLE.
methodsWe measured urinary (u-) and plasma (p-) levels of IL-16 in predefined patient groups using ELISA: LN (n=84), active non-renal SLE (n=63), inactive non-renal SLE (n=73) and matched population controls (n=48). The LN group included patients with recent biopsy-confirmed proliferative (PLN, n=47), mesangioproliferative (MES, n=11) and membranous (MLN, n=26) LN. Renal expression of IL-16 was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Associations between IL-16 measurements and clinical parameters and the diagnostic value for LN were explored.
resultsp-IL-16 was detected in all investigated cases and high p-IL-16 levels were observed in patients with active SLE. u-IL-16 was detected (dt-u-IL-16) in 47.6% of patients with LN, while only up to 17.8% had dt-u-IL-16 in other groups. In the LN group, 68% of patients with PLN had dt-u-IL-16, while the proportions in the MLN and MES groups were lower (11.5% and 45.5%, respectively). The highest u-IL-16 levels were detected in the PLN group. In the regression model, u-IL-16 levels differentiated PLN from other LN patient subgroups (area under the curve 0.775-0.896, p<0.0001). dt-u-IL-16 had superior specificity but slightly lower sensitivity than elevated anti-double-stranded DNA and low complement C3 or C4 in diagnosing PLN. A high proportion of LN kidney infiltrating cells expressed IL-16.
conclusionsWe demonstrate that detectable u-IL-16 can differentiate patients with PLN from those with less severe LN subtypes and active non-renal SLE. Our findings suggest that u-IL-16 could be used as a screening tool at suspicion of severe LN. Furthermore, the high IL-16 levels in plasma, urine and kidney tissue imply that IL-16 could be explored as a therapeutic target in SLE.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.