ArticleEnvironmental research2022
Childhood urinary organophosphate esters and cognitive abilities in a longitudinal cohort study.
Article in Environmental research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Identifying associations and key early life exposure windows for organophosphate esters and adolescent brain morphometry in the HOME study.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Prenatal exposure to organophosphate ester flame retardants and child cognition: Findings from the environmental influences on child Health Outcomes cohort.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2026Article
- Developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs): risks to human health and ecosystems.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
- Silicone Ankle Bands as a Tool to Assess Infant Exposures to Semivolatile Organic Chemicals in Indoor Environments.Environmental science & technology letters · 2025Article
- Prenatal exposure to organophosphate ester flame retardants and behavioral outcomes in early childhood in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) cohort.Environment international · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of Flame Retardant Toxicity and Their Impacts on Anxiety and Cognition in the Brain.Endocrinology · 2025Review
- An assessment of organophosphate ester mixtures and the placental transcriptome.Environment international · 2025Article
- Association between exposure to organophosphate esters and cognitive function in older adults in the United States: NHANES 2011-2014.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Gestational exposure to organophosphate esters and autism spectrum disorder and other non-typical development in a cohort with elevated familial likelihood.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Exposure to organophosphate esters and maternal-child health.Environmental research · 2024Review
- The susceptibility of humans to neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental toxicities caused by organophosphorus pesticides.Archives of toxicology · 2023Review
- Article
- Disparities in Toxic Chemical Exposures and Associated Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Scoping Review and Systematic Evidence Map of the Epidemiological Literature.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Prenatal organophosphate ester exposure and executive function in Norwegian preschoolers.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
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Abstract
The use of organophosphate esters (OPEs) as flame retardants, which has increased over the past two decades, raises concerns that OPEs may be harmful to humans, especially children. Animal studies and some human studies have reported that OPEs may adversely impact brain development, but few human studies evaluated OPE exposure during early childhood and neurodevelopmental outcomes. We aimed to fill this knowledge gap with the present study on urinary OPE metabolite concentrations at ages 1-5 years and cognitive abilities at 8 years. We used data of 223 children from the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort in Cincinnati, Ohio. The point estimates for bis-2-chloroethyl-phosphate (BCEP) and bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)-phosphate (BDCIPP) in association with IQ tended to be small and positive, while the point estimates for diphenyl-phosphate (DPHP) were small and negative, with 95% CIs including the null. However, we did find that socioeconomic status (SES) variables modified associations between OPEs and child IQ, with adverse OPE-IQ associations being stronger in socioeconomically disadvantaged children than in others. We identified an additional 1- to 2-point decrease in Full Scale IQ for every log-unit increase in BDCIPP, BCEP, and DPHP among those with lower maternal education, non-white race, lower income, or living in more deprived neighborhoods. We observed similar results for the Perceptual Reasoning, Verbal Comprehension, and Working Memory Index Scores. We suspect that there is residual confounding related to socioeconomic disadvantage, which was not captured with the available SES variables typically used in epidemiologic studies.
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