Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36102998›Full record

Article3D printing in medicine2022

Translational design for limited resource settings as demonstrated by Vent-Lock, a 3D-printed ventilator multiplexer.

Helen Xun, Christopher Shallal, Justin Unger, Runhan Tao, Alberto Torres, Michael Vladimirov, Jenna Frye, Mohit Singhala, Brockett Horne, Bo Soo Kim and 10 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in 3D printing in medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 30% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Helen XunJohns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
Christopher ShallalDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
Justin UngerDepartment of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
Runhan TaoDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
Alberto TorresDepartment of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
Michael VladimirovDepartment of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
Jenna FryeMaryland Institute College of Art, Baltimore, MD, 21217, USA.
Mohit SinghalaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
Brockett HorneMaryland Institute College of Art, Baltimore, MD, 21217, USA.
Bo Soo KimJohns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
Broc BurkeWashington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
Michael MontanaWashington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
Michael TalcottWashington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
Bradford WintersJohns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
Margaret FrisellaWashington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
Bradley S KushnerWashington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
Justin M SacksWashington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
James K GuestDepartment of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
Sung Hoon KangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
Julie CaffreyJohns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA. Jcaffre5@jhmi.edu.
Johns Hopkins University · USWashington University in St. Louis · USMaryland Institute College of Art · US

Funding

National Science Foundation DMREF-1628974
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMechanical ventilators are essential to patients who become critically ill with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and shortages have been reported due to the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

methodsWe utilized 3D printing (3DP) technology to rapidly prototype and test critical components for a novel ventilator multiplexer system, Vent-Lock, to split one ventilator or anesthesia gas machine between two patients. FloRest, a novel 3DP flow restrictor, provides clinicians control of tidal volumes and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), using the 3DP manometer adaptor to monitor pressures. We tested the ventilator splitter circuit in simulation centers between artificial lungs and used an anesthesia gas machine to successfully ventilate two swine.

resultsAs one of the first studies to demonstrate splitting one anesthesia gas machine between two swine, we present proof-of-concept of a de novo, closed, multiplexing system, with flow restriction for potential individualized patient therapy.

conclusionsWhile possible, due to the complexity, need for experienced operators, and associated risks, ventilator multiplexing should only be reserved for urgent situations with no other alternatives. Our report underscores the initial design and engineering considerations required for rapid medical device prototyping via 3D printing in limited resource environments, including considerations for design, material selection, production, and distribution. We note that optimization of engineering may minimize 3D printing production risks but may not address the inherent risks of the device or change its indications. Thus, our case report provides insights to inform future rapid prototyping of medical devices.

Indexed as

3D printingAustere medicineCovid-19De novo systemIn vivo studyLimited resourcesMaterial extrusionVat photopolymerizationVentilator multiplexer

Identifiers

PMID36102998
PMCPMC9471031
OpenAlexW4295755681

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.