ReviewEpilepsia2022
Drug resistance in idiopathic generalized epilepsies: Evidence and concepts.
Review in Epilepsia, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Using Cenobamate for managing idiopathic generalized epilepsy: A single-center experience and systematic literature review.Epilepsia open · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Lipid-based Nano-delivery systems as a promising strategy for the treatment of epilepsy: Current status and challenges.Epilepsia open · 2026Review
- Trends in the studies of pharmacoresistant epilepsy- a review based on literature analysis (2015-2025).Acta epileptologica · 2026Review
- Ethnopharmacological relevance of Chinese medicinal materials and natural products in epilepsy: a critical multi-target review integrating neurons, glia and inflammatory signaling.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Epigenetic modification of cuproptosis by non-coding RNAs in cancer drug resistance.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Metabolic alterations associated with epileptic seizures detected by NMR spectroscopy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Successful seizure control with cenobamate in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape · 2025Article
- Optimising anti-seizure medication timing using a dynamic network model of seizure rhythms.Frontiers in network physiology · 2025Article
- Generation and Characterization of Three Novel Mouse Mutant Strains Susceptible to Audiogenic Seizures.Cells · 2024Article
- Quantitative MRI Measures and Cognitive Function in People With Drug-Resistant Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy.Neurology · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Long-term phenobarbital treatment is effective in working-age patients with epilepsy in rural Northeast China: a 10-year follow-up study.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Neurostimulation for Generalized Epilepsy: Should Therapy be Syndrome-specific?Neurosurgery clinics of North America · 2024Review
- Revisiting the concept of drug-resistant epilepsy: A TASK1 report of the ILAE/AES Joint Translational Task Force.Epilepsia · 2023Article
- Autophagy and autophagy signaling in Epilepsy: possible role of autophagy activator.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2023Review
- Responsive Neurostimulation of the Anterior Thalamic Nuclei in Refractory Genetic Generalized Epilepsy: A Case Series.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although approximately 10%-15% of patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE)/genetic generalized epilepsy remain drug-resistant, there is no consensus or established concept regarding the underlying mechanisms and prevalence. This review summarizes the recent data and the current hypotheses on mechanisms that may contribute to drug-resistant IGE. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Embase for studies on mechanisms of drug resistance published since 1980. The literature shows neither consensus on the definition nor a widely accepted model to explain drug resistance in IGE or one of its subsyndromes. Large-scale genetic studies have failed to identify distinct genetic causes or affected genes involved in pharmacokinetics. We found clinical and experimental evidence in support of four hypotheses: (1) "network hypothesis"-the degree of drug resistance in IGE reflects the severity of cortical network alterations, (2) "minor focal lesion in a predisposed brain hypothesis"-minor cortical lesions are important for drug resistance, (3) "interneuron hypothesis"-impaired functioning of γ-aminobutyric acidergic interneurons contributes to drug resistance, and (4) "changes in drug kinetics"-genetically impaired kinetics of antiseizure medication (ASM) reduce the effectiveness of available ASMs. In summary, the exact definition and cause of drug resistance in IGE is unknown. However, published evidence suggests four different mechanisms that may warrant further investigation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.