ArticleBiology2022
Post-Mortem Interval of Human Skeletal Remains Estimated with Handheld NIR Spectrometry.
Article in Biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Artificial intelligence in forensic science: a systematic review. Part II: long-range postmortem interval estimation.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Post-mortem interval estimation of skeletal remains using spectroscopic analysis: a systematic review.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Review
- Task-Specific Multimodal Imaging and Spectroscopy for Post-Mortem Interval Assessment in Human Skeletal Remains: An Exploratory Decision-Support Framework.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Shedding Light on the Past: Temporal Classification of Zoological Specimens from Museum Collections with Portable NIR Sensors and Multivariate Error Modeling.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Current Understanding and Future Research Direction for Estimating the Postmortem Interval: A Systematic Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A systematic review of sensors to combat crime and routes to further sensor development.Frontiers in chemistry · 2025Review
- Estimation of postmortem interval using histological and oxidative biomarkers in human bone marrow.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2024Article
- Handheld hyperspectral imaging as a tool for the post-mortem interval estimation of human skeletal remains.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Raman spectroscopy for postmortem interval estimation of human skeletal remains: A scoping review.Journal of biophotonics · 2023Article
- Review
- Partners in Postmortem Interval Estimation: X-ray Diffraction and Fourier Transform Spectroscopy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Estimating the post-mortem interval (PMI) of human skeletal remains is a critical issue of forensic analysis, with important limitations such as sample preparation and practicability. In this work, NIR spectroscopy (NIRONE® Sensor X; Spectral Engines, 61449, Germany) was applied to estimate the PMI of 104 human bone samples between 1 day and 2000 years. Reflectance data were repeatedly collected from eight independent spectrometers between 1950 and 1550 nm with a spectral resolution of 14 nm and a step size of 2 nm, each from the external and internal bone. An Artificial Neural Network was used to analyze the 66,560 distinct diagnostic spectra, and clearly distinguished between forensic and archaeological bone material: the classification accuracies for PMIs of 0−2 weeks, 2 weeks−6 months, 6 months−1 year, 1 year−10 years, and >100 years were 0.90, 0.94, 0.94, 0.93, and 1.00, respectively. PMI of archaeological bones could be determined with an accuracy of 100%, demonstrating the adequate predictive performance of the model. Applying a handheld NIR spectrometer to estimate the PMI of human skeletal remains is rapid and extends the repertoire of forensic analyses as a distinct, novel approach.
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