ArticleApplied microbiology and biotechnology2022
Comparative study of the function and structure of the gut microbiota in Siberian musk deer and Forest musk deer.
Article in Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Deciphering the Link Between Gut Bacterial Community Structure of Forest Musk Deer (Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Gut microbial remodeling as an ecological strategy for host metabolic management under environmental stress on the Xizang Plateau.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Differential analysis of gut microbiota between captive and wild forest musk deer (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Variations in the Fecal Microbiota of Red Deer in Relation to the Hunting Area in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region, Italy.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Bacterial indicators of environmental stress in the gut microbiome of free-ranging European roe deer inhabiting agricultural landscapes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Unraveling the distinctive gut microbiome of khulans (Equus hemionus hemionus) in comparison to their drinking water and closely related equids.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Response of the gut microbiota to changes in the nutritional status of red deer during winter.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Insights into the Gut Microbial Diversity of Wild Siberian Musk Deer (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- The Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) gut microbiome, seasonal dynamics, and potential application in lignocellulose bioconversion.iScience · 2024Article
- Environmental factors and gut microbiota: Toward better conservation of deer species.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Exploring the growing forest musk deer (Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Genetic and histological relationship between pheromone-secreting tissues of the musk gland and skin of juvenile Chinese forest musk deer (Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. BArticle
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Musk deer are famous for their secretion of musk; however, the scale of artificial breeding of musk deer is limited. Considering the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the gut microbiota, there is a need to study the gut microbiota of Siberian musk deer (SMD). Quantitative PCR analysis and high-throughput sequencing were used to show the differences in gut microbial communities and functions between SMD and forest musk deer (FMD). The relative abundance of Firmicutes was significantly higher in SMD than in FMD, with a corresponding decrease in Bacteroidetes, and showed significant seasonal variation. The gut microbiome of FMD has enriched activity for carbohydrate metabolism, while in SMD, amino acids and energy metabolism was higher. The key enzymatic reactions were related to pyruvate metabolism in SMD; however, in FMD, enzymes that digest cellulose (EC:3.2.1.21, EC:3.2.1.4.) were more abundant, and these were related to the living environment and feeding habits. This indicates that FMD and SMD have significant differences in their microbial communities and functions. Furthermore, antibiotic resistances were identified and significantly different in gut microbes of SMD and FMD. For SMD, seasonal variations alter microbial communities and function. The key enzymes of the short-chain fatty acids (EC:1.3.1.44, EC:6.4.1.2) were significantly different, with higher relative abundance in winter-a mechanism of natural selection and environmental adaptation. This study is the first to analyze the composition of the gut microbiota of SMD and can be used to develop or modify conservation and husbandry strategies for musk deer, to improve their productivity. KEY POINTS: • Significant differences in microbial communities and their function between FMD and SMD. • The energy metabolism and the relative abundance of Firmicutes were significantly higher in SMD. • Seasonal variations alter microbial function in SMD, carbohydrate metabolism was higher in summer.
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