ReviewEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2023
Associations of dietary folate, vitamin B6 and B12 intake with cardiovascular outcomes in 115664 participants: a large UK population-based cohort.
Review in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association of plasma homocysteine levels with short-term mortality in sepsis patients: A meta-analysis.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Pooled it
- Folic acid for the primary prevention of stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- B vitamins and cardiovascular health: mechanisms, clinical evidence, and precision prevention strategies.Nutrition & metabolism · 2026Review
- Identification of cardiovascular disease in patients with kidney stone disease using explainable machine learning.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Uncovering non-linear dietary predictors of cardiovascular disease risk in older adults with periodontitis: a cross-sectional analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Substituting animal protein foods with plant protein foods influences vitamin B12 and folate statuses in a multiethnic Asian population.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Association of serum folate concentrations with the mortality of cancer: a prospective cohort study.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Article
- Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and risk of stroke: triangulation of evidence from a nationally representative cohort and bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis.The EPMA journal · 2025Article
- The Efficacy of Vitamins in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Association between serum pyridoxal 5'-phosphate levels and all-cause, cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular disease in adults: a population-based cohort study.Therapeutic advances in chronic disease · 2024Article
- Associations of serum folate and vitamin BFrontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Uncovering the Hidden Dangers and Molecular Mechanisms of Excess Folate: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Trace Elements Open a New Direction for the Diagnosis of Atherosclerosis.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesThe evidence of relationship between dietary intake of folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in UK populations is limited. We aimed to analyze the association of dietary intake of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 with CVD events [stroke, myocardial infarction (MI)] and CVD mortality.
methodsWe included 115,664 participants, aged 40-70 years, with no CVD events or cancer at baseline, enrolled between 2006 and 2010 and followed up to the end of 2018. Dietary intake was measured with an online 24-h dietary assessment. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations.
resultsAfter multivariate adjustment, higher dietary folate intake was inversely associated with CVDs with hazard ratios of 0.99, 0.92, and 0.88 in groups 2-4 compared with group 1 (the lowest group); inversely associated with stroke with hazard ratios of 0.94, 0.90, and 0.86 groups 2-4 compared to group 1 (lowest group); inversely associated with MI with hazard ratios of 1.01, 0.90 and 0.86 groups 2-4 compared to group 1 (lowest group); inversely associated with CVD mortality with hazard ratios of 0.95, 0.80 and 0.74 Groups 2-4 compared to group 1 (lowest group). Each tablespoon/day higher intake of raw vegetable intake, pieces/day higher intake of fresh fruit intake bowls/week higher intake of cereal intake, and g/day higher intake of dietary fiber were associated with higher intakes of folate every 0.02,0.06,0.05, and 0.08 SD, respectively. E-value analysis suggested robustness to unmeasured confounding.
conclusionsEach increase in folate intakes was related to 5% lower risks of total CVD events and 10% lower risks of CVD mortality. Our findings support that strengthening dietary folate intake as a primary prevention strategy for CVD events and CVD mortality.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.