ArticleIn vivo (Athens, Greece)
Age and Smoking Status Affect Serum Cytokeratin 19 Fragment Levels in Individuals Without Cancer.
Article in In vivo (Athens, Greece). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Misdiagnosis of rivaroxaban-associated multiple intracranial hemorrhages as intracranial metastatic tumor: a case report.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical significance of cytokeratin 19 fragment in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Variability of serum CYFRA 21 - 1 and its susceptibility to clinical characteristics in individuals without cancer: a 4-year retrospective analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimLung cancer is a frequent and fatal cancer that is difficult to diagnose in the early stages. CYFRA 21-1 is a serological marker currently used to diagnose and monitor lung cancer; however, its clinical use for screening is controversial. Therefore, the present study investigated the relationship between serum CYFRA 21-1 levels and clinical confounders. PATIENTS AND
methodsWe recruited 3,674 individuals who had never been diagnosed with any cancer. The relationships between high serum CYFRA 21-1 levels (≥3.5 ng/ml) and age, sex, body mass index, and smoking status were investigated.
resultsHigh serum CYFRA 21-1 levels (≥3.5 ng/ml) were detected in 5.1% of all subjects. High serum CYFRA 21-1 levels were observed in 7.3% of current smokers and 4.3% of non-smokers. The proportion of subjects with high serum CYFRA 21-1 levels was markedly higher in the older group (65 years and older, 11%) than in the younger group (younger than 45 years, 2.0%). High serum CYFRA 21-1 levels (≥3.5 ng/ml) were associated with older age [odds ratio (OR)=3.39, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.79-6.41 for 55-64 years vs. <45 years, and OR=7.34, 95% CI=3.86-13.9 for ≥65 years vs. <45 years, respectively] and current smoking (OR=2.09, 95% CI=1.38-3.15 for current smoker vs. non-smoker).
conclusionHigh serum CYFRA 21-1 levels were associated with an older age and current smoking, which may be considered as factors influencing CYFRA 21-1 levels.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.