ArticleInternational urogynecology journal2022
Association between obstetrical anal sphincter injury and postpartum urinary retention: a contemporary nationwide cohort study.
Article in International urogynecology journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Risk Factors of Postpartum Urinary Retention for Women by Vaginal Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International urogynecology journal · 2024Pooled it
- Mode of Subsequent Delivery After Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries (OASIs).International urogynecology journal · 2026Review
- Factors associated with severe obstetric anal sphincter injury following vaginal delivery.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Risk factors for postpartum urinary retention after vaginal delivery among primiparous women: a retrospective case-control study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introduction and hypothesisIdentification and prompt management of postpartum urinary retention after vaginal birth is essential to minimize long-term morbidity. Obstetrical anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) have been identified as a possible risk factor for urinary retention. The objective of this study was to estimate the association between OASIS and postpartum urinary retention and compare the length of hospital stay and cost of admission between postpartum patients who experienced urinary retention and those who did not.
methodsWe conducted a population-based, retrospective cohort study of pregnant individuals delivering singleton fetuses via vaginal birth in the United States using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for the association between OASIS and postpartum urinary retention. Simple linear regression was used to compare means.
resultsA total of 2,013,052 delivery admissions were included, which was representative of a population size of 10,065,253 utilizing the complex sampling design of the NIS database. 47,192 (2.34%) admissions sustained OASIS and 5,339 (0.27%) admissions experienced overt urinary retention. After adjusting for potential confounders, vaginal deliveries where OASIS occurred had 3.60 times the odds of postpartum urinary retention compared with vaginal deliveries where OASIS was not sustained (95% CI 3.26-3.97). Postpartum urinary retention was associated with an increased mean length of stay (2.94 vs 2.28 days, p<0.001) and 1.37 times the mean total cost of admission (US$22,946.38 vs US$16,758.85, p<0.001).
conclusionsObstetrical anal sphincter injuries are associated with increased odds of postpartum urinary retention compared with vaginal deliveries where OASIS did not occur.
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