ArticleDiabetes care2022
Risk Factors for the Development of Retinopathy in Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: The Diabetes Prevention Program Experience.
Article in Diabetes care, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-term Cumulative Incidence of Clinically Diagnosed Retinopathy in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Trial
- Severe microvascular disease incidence over a 34-year period among Chinese with newly diagnosed diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance: the Da Qing diabetes outcome study 1986-2020.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
- Intermittent Fasting and Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy: Retrospective Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Nutrients · 2026Article
- The Natural History of Prediabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in the Pediatric Population.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Machine learning models for risk prediction of diabetic retinopathy in Fujian eye study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Association of HDL2b with chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus populations.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- The Diabetes Prevention Program and Its Outcomes Study: NIDDK's Journey Into the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes and Its Public Health Impact.Diabetes care · 2025Review
- Association between thyroid stimulating hormone levels and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: a cross-sectional study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- Changes in expression of inflammatory cytokines and ocular indicators in pre-diabetic patients with cataract.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Nonlinear association between gamma-glutamyl transferase to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and risk of progression from normoglycemia to prediabetes: a 5-year cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Flavones in pomelo peel resist fibril formation of human islet amyloid polypeptide.Chinese herbal medicines · 2025Article
- Association of systemic and demographic risk factors with prevalence of retinopathy in US adults with prediabetes.Eye (London, England) · 2024Article
- Plasma Ceramides and Other Sphingolipids in Relation to Incident Prediabetes in a Longitudinal Biracial Cohort.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Advances in Structural and Functional Retinal Imaging and Biomarkers for Early Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Metabolic disorders in prediabetes: From mechanisms to therapeutic management.World journal of diabetes · 2024Review
- Diabetic Retinopathy during pregnancy in Hispanic women with latent Toxoplasma gondii infection.European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology · 2024Article
- Correlation Between Thyroid-Related Hormones and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Normal Thyroid Function: A Retrospective Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Retinopathy in Prediabetic Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cureus · 2023Review
- Effects of metformin and intensive lifestyle interventions on the incidence of kidney disease in adults in the DPP/DPPOS.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2023Article
- Frontiers in diabetic retinal disease.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 10 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine glycemic and nonglycemic risk factors that contribute to the presence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) before and after the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsDuring the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and DPP Outcome Study (DPPOS), we performed fundus photography over time in adults at high risk for developing T2D, including after they developed diabetes. Fundus photographs were graded using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grading system, with DR defined as typical lesions of DR (microaneurysms, exudates, hemorrhage, or worse) in either eye.
resultsBy DPPOS year 16 (∼20 years after random assignment into DPP), 24% of 1,614 participants who had developed T2D and 14% of 885 who remained without diabetes had DR. In univariate analyses, using results from across the entire duration of follow-up, American Indian race was associated with less frequent DR compared with non-Hispanic White (NHW) race, and higher HbA1c, fasting and 2-h plasma glucose levels during an oral glucose tolerance test, weight, and history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and smoking, but not treatment group assignment, were associated with more frequent DR. On multivariate analysis, American Indian race was associated with less DR compared with NHW (odds ratio [OR] 0.36, 95% CI 0.20-0.66), and average HbA1c was associated with more DR (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.46-1.74 per SD [0.7%] increase in HbA1c).
conclusionsDR may occur in adults with prediabetes and early in the course of T2D. HbA1c was an important risk factor for the development of DR across the entire glycemic range from prediabetes to T2D.
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