Trial reportNature communications2022
Heterologous vector versus homologous mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccination in non-seroconverted immunosuppressed patients: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Nature communications, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Vaccination of immunocompromised individuals: Expert opinion - update 2026].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Guideline
- Vaccines for preventing infections in adults with haematological malignancies.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Heterologous versus homologous COVID-19 booster vaccinations for adults: systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomised clinical trials.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Dendrobium officinale aqueous extract influences the immune response following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2023Trial
- Homologous versus Heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 Vaccination in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients: a blinded randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccines in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Article
- Tracking Immunity: An Increased Number of COVID-19 Boosters Increases the Longevity of Anti-RBD and Anti-RBD-Neutralizing Antibodies.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Progress and prospects of mRNA-based drugs in pre-clinical and clinical applications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Delphi Panel Consensus Statement Generation: COVID-19 Vaccination Recommendations for Immunocompromised Populations in the European Union.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Article
- Therapeutic induction of antigen-specific immune tolerance.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Immunogenicity and Safety of the Three-Dose COVID-19 Vaccine Regimen in Patients Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Kidney diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Effectiveness of heterologous and homologous COVID-19 vaccination among immunocompromised individuals: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2024Article
- Serological responses and clinical outcomes following a three-dose primary COVID-19 vaccine schedule in kidney transplant recipients and people on dialysis.Clinical & translational immunology · 2024Article
- Reinfection rates, change in antibody titers and adverse events after COVID-19 vaccination among patients previously infected with COVID-19 in Metro Manila, Philippines: a secondary analysis of a completed cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- The Burden of COVID-19 in the Immunocompromised Patient: Implications for Vaccination and Needs for the Future.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Dynamic Trends and Underlying Factors of COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Hesitancy in Adults: Cross-Sectional Observational Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Observational
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
42 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Impaired response to COVID-19 vaccination is of particular concern in immunosuppressed patients. To determine the best vaccination strategy for this vulnerable group we performed a single center, 1:1 randomized blinded clinical trial. Patients who failed to seroconvert upon two mRNA vaccinations (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) are randomized to receive either a third dose of the same mRNA or the vector vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Primary endpoint is the difference in SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody seroconversion rate between vector and mRNA vaccinated patients four weeks after the third dose. Secondary outcomes include cellular immune responses. Seroconversion rates at week four are significantly higher in the mRNA (homologous vaccination, 15/24, 63%) as compared to the vector vaccine group (heterologous vaccination, 4/22, 18%). SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses are reduced but could be increased after a third dose of either vector or mRNA vaccine. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, patient age and vaccine type are associated with seroconversion. No serious adverse event is attributed to COVID-19 booster vaccination. Efficacy and safety data underline the importance of a booster vaccination and support the use of a homologous mRNA booster vaccination in immunosuppressed patients.Trial registration: EudraCT No.: 2021-002693-10.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.