Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36096817›Full record

ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2022

Chronic suppurative otitis media causes macrophage-associated sensorineural hearing loss.

Anping Xia, Anthony Thai, Zhixin Cao, Xiaohua Chen, Jing Chen, Brian Bacacao, Laurent A Bekale, Viktoria Schiel, Paul L Bollyky, Peter L Santa Maria

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
7.5field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Audiometric indicators of cochlear involvement in chronic suppurative otitis media with and without cholesteatoma.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026
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  9. Analysis of risk factors for otitis media in hospitalized children aged ≤ 12 years with bacterial pneumonia.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Management Strategies for Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media and Why They Fail.Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO · 2025
    Review
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  15. Review
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  17. A Selection Protocol to Identify Therapeutics to Target NLRP3-Associated Sensory Hearing Loss.Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology · 2024
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Anping Xia *Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA. apxia@stanford.edu.
Anthony Thai *Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA.
Zhixin CaoDepartment of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
Xiaohua ChenDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
Jing ChenDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA.
Brian BacacaoDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA.
Laurent A BekaleDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA.
Viktoria SchielDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA.
Paul L BollykyDepartment of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA.
Peter L Santa MariaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA. petersantamaria@stanford.edu.
Stanford University · USFirst Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University · CNShandong First Medical University · CN

Funding

The role of macrophages in chronic suppurative otitis media associated sensory hearing lossR01DC019965 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI Peter Luke Santa Maria · 2022 to 2026
$3.6M
NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC019965
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is the most common cause of permanent hearing loss in children in the developing world. A large component of the permanent hearing loss is sensory in nature and our understanding of the mechanism of this has so far been limited to post-mortem human specimens or acute infection models that are not representative of human CSOM. In this report, we assess cochlear injury in a validated Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) CSOM mouse model.

methodsWe generated persisters (PCs) and inoculated them into the mouse middle ear cavity. We tracked infection with IVIS and detected PA using RT-PCR. We assessed cochlear damage and innate immunity by Immunohistochemistry. Finally, we evaluated cytokines with multiplex assay and quantitative real-time PCR.

resultsWe observed outer hair cell (OHC) loss predominantly in the basal turn of the cochlear at 14 days after bacterial inoculation. Macrophages, not neutrophils are the major immune cells in the cochlea in CSOM displaying increased numbers and a distribution correlated with the observed cochlear injury. The progression of the morphological changes suggests a transition from monocytes into tissue macrophages following infection. We also show that PA do not enter the cochlea and live bacteria are required for cochlear injury. We characterized cytokine activity in the CSOM cochlea.

conclusionsTaken together, this data shows a critical role for macrophages in CSOM-mediated sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).

Indexed as

Hearing Loss, SensorineuralOtitis Media, SuppurativeAnimalsChildChronic DiseaseHumansMacrophagesMiceCSOMCytokinesHC lossMacrophagesPASNHL

Identifiers

PMID36096817
PMCPMC9465898
OpenAlexW4295269824

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.