ArticleBMC health services research2022
Increased healthcare costs by later stage cancer diagnosis.
Article in BMC health services research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of the Economic Burden of Prostate Cancer: Direct and Indirect Cost Perspectives.PharmacoEconomics · 2026Pooled it
- Why aren't they used? Systematic review of barriers to implementation of clinical decision support systems for early cancer detection in primary care.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2026Pooled it
- Assessing the clinical, humanistic, and economic impact of early cancer diagnosis: a systematic literature review.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Late-stage diagnosis: The driving force behind high breast cancer mortality in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence and Risk Factors for Financial Toxicity Among Sarcoma Patients During and Following Treatment Across the Lifespan.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Healthcare cost for non-hospital services and pharmaceuticals among breast cancer survivors: an event study.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026Article
- Using a Community-Embedded Screening and Navigation Framework to Engage High-Risk Men in Prostate Cancer Early Detection: Five Years of the Men's Health Awareness Summit in Oklahoma.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Colorectal Cancer Treatment Delay Thresholds and Metastasis Risk.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Association between time to treatment and financial toxicity among women with breast cancer in Ethiopia: a multicentre study in a low-resource setting.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Potential Economic Value of Multi-cancer Early Detection Testing Under Differential Cost Trends for Cancer Screening and Management.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2026Article
- Early Cancer Detection: What's Going on and What's Next.MedComm · 2026Review
- Cost of chemotherapy-related care for breast cancer care: evidence and implications from a provider perspective at a public tertiary hospital in South Africa.Health economics review · 2026Article
- Cryoablation Versus Breast-Conserving Surgery for Early-Stage, Low-Risk Breast Cancer ≤ 1.5 cm: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2026Article
- Optimizing Digital Health Tools for Colorectal Cancer Screening Uptake in Federally Qualified Healthcare Centers: Insights From the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and Technology Acceptance Model.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Opportunities to Avoid Invasive Cancer by Diagnosis and Interception of Preneoplastic Lesions and Cancer Risk Conditions.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Interpretable machine learning enables early identification of financial risk and resource optimization in colorectal cancer surgery.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Integrating dynamic modeling of signaling pathways with subject-specific transcriptomic data to assess breast cancer risk.PloS one · 2026Article
- Patient, facility, and community determinants of timely follow up after abnormal screening mammograms in Appalachia: A multilevel analysis.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2026Article
- Characterizing and Addressing the Financial, Time, and Administrative Burdens of Cancer and its Care.Current treatment options in oncology · 2025Review
- Evidence-biased medicine? Applying a health equity lens to Sackett's methodological framework.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2025Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCancer represents a significant source of disease burden in the United States (US), both clinically and economically. Diagnosis and treatment of cancer at earlier stages may reduce this burden. To better understand potential impacts of earlier diagnosis, healthcare costs among patients with cancer were assessed by cancer type and stage at diagnosis.
methodsA retrospective analysis was conducted using Optum's de-identified Integrated Claims-Clinical data set with Enriched Oncology, which includes data from Medicare Advantage and commercially insured members. Adult members newly diagnosed with solid tumor cancers, cancer stage at diagnosis (diagnosed 1/1/2016-6/30/2020), and continuous enrollment for at least one month post diagnosis were identified. Patients with breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, ovarian, or prostate cancer were reported. Mean standardized costs (2020 USD) were calculated in each month on an annual and cumulative basis through four years post-cancer diagnosis. In each month, costs were calculated for those with continuous enrollment and no death reported in the month. Mean annual cost per patient was estimated by summing month one to 12 mean costs and stratifying by stage at cancer diagnosis; annual year one to four costs were summed to determine cumulative costs.
resultsAmong members diagnosed 2016-2020 with breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, ovarian, or prostate cancer, 20,422 eligible members were identified. Mean costs increased by stage of diagnosis across all cancers at the annual and cumulative level through year four post diagnosis. Cumulative mean costs grew over time at a relatively similar rate across stages I to III and more dramatically in stage IV, except for cervical and lung cancer where the rate was relatively stable or slightly fluctuated across stages and ovarian cancer where stages III and IV both increased more sharply compared to stages I and II.
conclusionsMean annual and cumulative healthcare costs through year four post cancer diagnosis were significantly higher among those diagnosed at later versus earlier cancer stages. The steeper increase in cumulative costs among those diagnosed in stage IV for many cancer types highlights the importance of earlier cancer diagnosis. Earlier cancer diagnosis may enable more efficient treatment, improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.