ArticleBMC psychiatry2022
Association between cognition and color discrimination among Lebanese patients with schizophrenia.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stereopsis deficits in schizophrenia: a systematic review with exploratory meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Color Perception in Patients with Schizophreniza and Their Healthy First-degree Relatives: A Cross-sectional Study.Indian journal of psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Alterations in sulcal depth and associated functional connectivity in schizophrenia with auditory verbal hallucinations.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Gender-dependent color discrimination ability and speed-accuracy tradeoff: insights from ND-100 hue tests.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Ocular toxicity of psychotropic medications in a tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria.Romanian journal of ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPatients with schizophrenia (SCZ) exhibit poorer color discrimination than normal individuals. Although retinal abnormalities, as well as cortical and subcortical alterations, found in patients with SCZ have been suggested to cause this poor color discrimination, the impact of cognitive impairment remains to be determined. Dopamine (DA) and glutamate (Glu), known to be disrupted in SCZ, are also suggested to play a role in color discrimination. Our objective was to investigate the contribution of cognitive impairment to color discrimination deficits in SCZ and to examine if these deficits are correlated to SCZ symptoms.
methodsThis study includes 127 patients with SCZ between July and September 2021. The participants completed several questionnaires, specifically the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test, and the Farnsworth D-15 test, to assess the extent of SCZ symptoms, cognition, and color discrimination respectively.
resultsHigher cognition (Beta = - 0.279) was significantly associated with a lower total error score (TES). Moreover, a higher positive PANSS score (Beta = 0.217) was significantly associated with a higher TES. A multinomial regression analysis taking the type of color blindness as the dependent variable showed that female sex (ORa = 5.46) was significantly associated with a certain type of color blindness.
conclusionColor discrimination deficits in patients with SCZ may be due to the effect of cognitive impairment and/or SCZ itself.
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