Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36096283›Full record

ArticleContemporary clinical trials2022

Addressing the opioid epidemic through community pharmacy engagement: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Abigail Gamble, Trish Mashburn, Korey A Kennelty, Kevin A Look, Salisa C Westrick, Donna M Evon, Gail Tudor, Delesha M Carpenter

Abstract readClinical Trial Protocol
In one paragraph

Article in Contemporary clinical trials, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Abigail GambleUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 114 Karpen Hall, 1 University Heights, Campus Box 2125, Asheville, NC 28804, USA. Electronic address: abigail_gamble@email.unc.edu.
Trish MashburnUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 114 Karpen Hall, 1 University Heights, Campus Box 2125, Asheville, NC 28804, USA.
Korey A KenneltyUniversity of Iowa, College of Pharmacy, 115 S Grand Ave, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Kevin A LookUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Salisa C WestrickAuburn University, Harrison College of Pharmacy, 2316 Walker Building, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
Donna M EvonUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Medicine, Burnett Womack Building, UNC Liver Center, Campus Box 7584, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Gail TudorUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 114 Karpen Hall, 1 University Heights, Campus Box 2125, Asheville, NC 28804, USA.
Delesha M CarpenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 114 Karpen Hall, 1 University Heights, Campus Box 2125, Asheville, NC 28804, USA.

Funding

Addressing the opioid epidemic through community pharmacy engagement: a multi-state studyR34DA046598 · NIDA · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI CARPENTER, DELESHA MILLER · 2019 to 2020
$594k
NIDA NIH HHS R34 DA046598
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite the authority to dispense naloxone, pharmacists have been reluctant to offer and dispense it, often due to discomfort communicating about the sensitive topic of opioid overdose. Because existing online naloxone trainings do not sufficiently address how to communicate effectively with patients about naloxone, Nalox-Comm, a training module designed to improve pharmacists' self-efficacy to engage in naloxone discussions, was developed.

objectiveTo describe the study protocol to evaluate the effectiveness of the Nalox-Comm training module on naloxone dispensing rates.

methodsA randomized controlled trial, which began in July 2021, is used to evaluate the pre-post Nalox-Comm training intervention. Sixty pharmacists are being recruited from 62 pharmacies part of a single grocery store chain in rural counties of the southeastern United States. After completing a baseline survey, pharmacists are observed by simulated patients (SPs) who rate the quality of their pre-training naloxone communication. Pharmacists are then invited to complete either a basic online naloxone training module (control group) or a newly developed Nalox-Comm training (experimental group), after which they complete a post-training survey and are observed a second time by SPs. Three months post-training, study participants complete a final follow-up survey. Naloxone dispensing records are obtained from each participating pharmacy to assess change in naloxone dispensing rates.

conclusionInformed by rural pharmacist stakeholders, the Nalox-Comm training module addresses communication barriers specific to rural communities. Compared to those in the control group, we hypothesize that pharmacies in the experimental group will dispense more naloxone in the three months post-training intervention.

Indexed as

Drug OverdosePharmaciesAnalgesics, OpioidHumansNaloxoneNarcotic AntagonistsOpioid EpidemicRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicAnalgesics, OpioidNaloxoneNarcotic AntagonistsCommunity pharmacyNaloxoneOnline trainingOpioid overdoseRural populationStudy protocol

Identifiers

PMID36096283
PMCPMC10731677

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.