ReviewiScience2022
The glymphatic system: Current understanding and modeling.
Review in iScience, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 203 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
203 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 326 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between the brain glymphatic system and mitochondrial (dys)function: a systematic review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating the robustness of DTI-ALPS in clinical context: a meta-analytic parallel on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Sleep deprivation and sleep intensity exert distinct effects on cerebral vasomotion and brain pulsations driven by the respiratory and cardiac cycles.PLoS biology · 2025Trial
- Glymphatic function in humans: indicators, modulators, and measurement strategies.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Glymphatic system dysfunction in central nervous system malignancies: A narrative review.Neurosurgical review · 2026Review
- Diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS): redefining its interpretation and role.Japanese journal of radiology · 2026Review
- TRACC-PHYSIO: Time-Domain Resolution-Aligned Cross-Correlation to Estimate PHYSIOlogical Coupling and Time Delays in Dynamic MRI.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- The Glymphatic System in Neurological Diseases: Mechanisms, Imaging Surrogates, and Translational Uncertainties.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Whole-brain biodistribution of AAV2, AAV8, and AAV-B10 after unilateral intracerebroventricular injection.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- MRI markers of brain fluid dynamics link reduced blood-brain barrier water exchange rate to disease severity in CADASIL.European stroke journal · 2026Article
- Choroid Plexus Microstructural Alterations Link Glymphatic Dysfunction and White Matter Degeneration in Parkinson's Disease.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Cerebral venous blood flow regulates intracerebral pressure and brain clearance via meningeal lymphatic vessels.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- MRI Diffusion Tensor Image Analysis Along the Perivascular Space: Effects of Mean Tract Orientation Divergence.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2026Article
- Novel Therapeutic Insights Into Alzheimer's Disease: Glymphatic System and Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels.Aging cell · 2026Review
- A Pilot Study Evaluating the Effect of Artesunate on Glymphatic-Related Fluid Transport in Parkinson's Disease Mouse Models In Vivo and Ex Vivo.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- In-silico solute transport via perivascular networks in the human intracranial space.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The glymphatic system and Parkinson's disease: a narrative review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Dead-Space Microdomains as Explicit Barriers to Extracellular Drug Transport in Alzheimer's Disease.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Article
- Infection control in the brain and the eye.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Review
- Loss of mitochondrial DNA helicase in retinal macroglia drives neovascular retinopathy.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
143 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 15 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We review theoretical and numerical models of the glymphatic system, which circulates cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid around the brain, facilitating solute transport. Models enable hypothesis development and predictions of transport, with clinical applications including drug delivery, stroke, cardiac arrest, and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease. We sort existing models into broad categories by anatomical function: Perivascular flow, transport in brain parenchyma, interfaces to perivascular spaces, efflux routes, and links to neuronal activity. Needs and opportunities for future work are highlighted wherever possible; new models, expanded models, and novel experiments to inform models could all have tremendous value for advancing the field.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.