ReviewChemical science2022
Enzyme-powered micro- and nano-motors: key parameters for an application-oriented design.
Review in Chemical science, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Synergistic magneto-enzymatic propulsion enables multimodal nanomotor swarms.Nature communications · 2026Article
- On the Assembly of Actin Polymerization-Powered Motors.Macromolecular rapid communications · 2026Article
- Enzymatic Nanomotors Integrated with Plant Extracts: Biochemical Mechanisms, Applications, and Clinical Perspectives.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Nanomotor-Assisted Intravesical Chemotherapy for Bladder Tumor Reduction and Suppression of Early Tumor Regrowth.Nano letters · 2026Article
- Nanorobotic Approaches Against Multidrug-Resistant Infections: Design, Principle, Mechanistic Innovation, Translational Challenges and Biomedical Applications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Recent Advances in Collective Behaviors of Micro/Nanomotor Swarms.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Autonomous Microrobots for Spatiotemporally Active Therapeutic Delivery and Controlled Release.Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Self-Propelled Magnetic Micromotor-Functionalized DNA Tile System for Autonomous Capture of Circulating Tumor Cells in Clinical Diagnostics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Present and future of smart functional materials as actuators in microfluidic devices.Lab on a chip · 2025Review
- Technology Roadmap of Micro/Nanorobots.ACS nano · 2025Review
- Autonomous chemo-metabolic construction of anisotropic cell-in-shell nanobiohybrids in enzyme-powered cell microrobots.Science advances · 2025Article
- Single-Atom Colloidal Nanorobotics Enhanced Stem Cell Therapy for Corneal Injury Repair.ACS nano · 2025Article
- Polymersome-based nanomotors: preparation, motion control, and biomedical applications.Chemical science · 2025Review
- Force Generation by Enhanced Diffusion in Enzyme-Loaded Vesicles.Nano letters · 2025Article
- Oscillatory Motion of a Camphor Disk on a Water Phase with an Ionic Liquid Sensitive to Transition Metal Ions.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2025Article
- Nano-/Microrobots for Environmental Remediation in the Eyes of Nanoarchitectonics: Toward Engineering on a Single-Atomic Scale.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
- Urease-powered nanomotor containing STING agonist for bladder cancer immunotherapy.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Swarms of Enzymatic Nanobots for Efficient Gene Delivery.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Article
- Catalase-Powered Nanobots for Overcoming the Mucus Barrier.ACS nano · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nature has inspired the creation of artificial micro- and nanomotors that self-propel converting chemical energy into mechanical action. These tiny machines have appeared as promising biomedical tools for treatment and diagnosis and have also been used for environmental, antimicrobial or sensing applications. Among the possible catalytic engines, enzymes have emerged as an alternative to inorganic catalysts due to their biocompatibility and the variety and bioavailability of fuels. Although the field of enzyme-powered micro- and nano-motors has a trajectory of more than a decade, a comprehensive framework on how to rationally design, control and optimize their motion is still missing. With this purpose, herein we performed a thorough bibliographic study on the key parameters governing the propulsion of these enzyme-powered devices, namely the chassis shape, the material composition, the motor size, the enzyme type, the method used to incorporate enzymes, the distribution of the product released, the motion mechanism, the motion media and the technique used for motion detection. In conclusion, from the library of options that each parameter offers there needs to be a rational selection and intelligent design of enzymatic motors based on the specific application envisioned.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.