ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2022
Hepatitis B-Related Hepatic Flare During Immune Reconstitution Syndrome After Antiretroviral Treatment Initiation in an HBV Surface Antigen-Positive Patient With HIV: Viroimmunological and Histological Characterization.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- APASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of chronic hepatitis B infection: a 2026 update.Hepatology international · 2026Guideline
- [APASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of chronic hepatitis B infection: a 2026 update].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2026Article
- Post-marketing safety profile of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide: a FAERS pharmacovigilance study with EudraVigilance validation and mechanistic investigation of pancreatitis.Virology journal · 2026Article
- A case of severe liver injury due to hepatitis B virus-related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome following HIV treatment reinitiation: diagnosis by liver biopsy.AIDS research and therapy · 2026Article
- Hepatotoxicity risk factors in HIV-infected MSM with HBV/HCV coinfections: A cohort study in Northwestern China.PloS one · 2025Article
- Baseline HBsAg quantitative and CD4 T cell counts are associated with HBsAg loss in people living with HIV/HBV coinfection after combined antiretroviral therapy.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- CD4Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Case report: An occult hepatitis B virus infection reactivation in an HIV/HCV coinfected patient during an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection is relatively common. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people with HIV (PWH) causes a progressive restoration of cell-mediated immune functions. In the presence of overt or occult coinfections, immune restoration might lead to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Here, we describe the clinical, immunological, virological, and histological characterization of a case of HBV-related IRIS hepatitis in a PWH after ART initiation. A liver biopsy was performed during HBV-related IRIS hepatic flare, and liver samples were analyzed through immunohistochemistry and molecular techniques, with the assessment of intrahepatic HBV-DNA, covalently closed circular DNA, and HBV pregenomic RNA through a droplet digital polymerase chain reaction system. Immune activation and senescence were also longitudinally assessed. In this clinical case, the hepatic flare occurred 6 weeks after ART initiation with a therapeutic regimen including tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) and emtricitabine (FTC). The episode was self-limiting, characterized by hyperactivation of peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes, and resolved without ART discontinuation, leading to the achievement of HBsAg seroconversion (HBsAg-/HBsAb+) and HBV-DNA plasma undetectability. Notably, hyperactivation of the immune system plays a pivotal role in promoting the control of HBV replication, thus triggering the achievement of HBsAg seroconversion during treatment with TAF/FTC.
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