ArticleFrontiers in public health2022
Head and face anthropometric study for respirators in the multi-ethnic Asian population of Malaysia.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating a rapid fit-testing method for N95 respirators in Chinese healthcare workers: a paired crossover simulation and diagnostic agreement study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The Interpupillary Distance Differs Between Ethnicities and Associates with Horizontal Strabismus Patterns: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Anthropometric Features of Head and Face in Iran's Multi-Ethnic Workforce: A Framework for Future Studies on Respirator Design and Sizing.Iranian journal of public health · 2025Article
- Evaluating the fit and performance of flat-fold, cup, and three-panel respirators among Thai healthcare personnel.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- A study to determine the three-dimensional (3D) facial shape characteristics for a successful FFP3 mask fit.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Respiratory fit test panel representing population of Malaysia.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- The effect of N95 designs on respirator fit and its associations with gender and facial dimensions.PloS one · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Existing anthropometric studies for respirator designs are based on the head and facial dimensions of Americans and Chinese nationals, with no studies for multi-ethnic countries like Malaysia. This study aimed to create head and facial morphological database for Malaysia, specifically to identify morphological differences between genders, ethnicities, and birthplaces, as well as predictors of the dimensions. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Malaysia. Participants: A nation-wide cross-sectional study using a complex survey design with two stage-stratified random sampling was conducted among 3,324 participants, aged 18 years and above who were also participants of the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2020. Primary and secondary outcomes: The study collected data on sociodemographic, measurement of Body Mass Index (BMI) and 10 head and facial dimensions (3 dimensions were measured using direct measurement, and 7 others using Digimizer software for 2-dimension images). Linear regression was performed to determine the association between gender, ethnicity, birthplace, age and BMI and the dimensions. Results: There were significant differences in all the dimensions between sex, birthplace and ethnicity ( Conclusion: These findings could assist in the design and sizing of respirators that will fit Malaysians and possibly other Southeast Asian population.
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Registered trials
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