ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
Lung cancer in never smokers: Tumor immunology and challenges for immunotherapy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comprehensive Review: Unveiling the Pro-Oncogenic Roles of IL-1ß and PD-1/PD-L1 in NSCLC Development and Targeting Their Pathways for Clinical Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Detection of House Dust Mite-derived DNA in Human Lung Tumors by Whole-Genome Sequencing.Research square · 2026Article
- Molecular origin, discovery, validation and application of neoantigens.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Review
- The Landscape of Clinical Trials in Never-Smoker Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Registered Evidence and Persistent Gaps.Cancers · 2026Article
- Article
- Emerging Predictive Biomarkers of Immunotherapy Sensitivity in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
- Cancer Drug Development in Never-Smoker Lung Cancer: Targeted and Immune-Based Therapeutic Strategies.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Prevalence ofJournal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Survival patterns and mutation profiles in never- and light-smokers with stage IV NSCLC.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Overcoming immunotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer: a narrative review of related factors.Immunotherapy · 2025Review
- *Mechanisms of circular RNA in drug resistance of lung cancer: therapeutic targets, biomarkers, and future research directions.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Association Between Depression and Lung Cancer Risk Among Postmenopausal Women.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Vaccines for cancer prevention: exploring opportunities and navigating challenges.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2025Review
- Metabolomics-based search for lung cancer markers among patients with different smoking status.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Deciphering the Anticancer Arsenal ofInternational journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- A real-world retrospective, observational study of first-line pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy for metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer with PD-L1 tumor proportion score < 50% (PEMBROREAL).Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- The Lung Microbiome in COPD and Lung Cancer: Exploring the Potential of Metal-Based Drugs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Lung cancer in never smokers (LCINS): development of a UK national research strategy.BJC reports · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common and the most lethal malignancy worldwide. It is estimated that lung cancer in never smokers (LCINS) accounts for 10-25% of cases, and its incidence is increasing according to recent data, although the reasons remain unclear. If considered alone, LCINS is the 7th most common cause of cancer death. These tumors occur more commonly in younger patients and females. LCINS tend to have a better prognosis, possibly due to a higher chance of bearing an actionable driver mutation, making them amenable to targeted therapy. Notwithstanding, these tumors respond poorly to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). There are several putative explanations for the poor response to immunotherapy: low immunogenicity due to low tumor mutation burden and hence low MANA (mutation-associated neo-antigen) load, constitutive PD-L1 expression in response to driver mutated protein signaling, high expression of immunosuppressive factors by tumors cells (like CD39 and TGF-beta), non-permissive immune TME (tumor microenvironment), abnormal metabolism of amino acids and glucose, and impaired TLS (Tertiary Lymphoid Structures) organization. Finally, there is an increasing concern of offering ICI as first line therapy to these patients owing to several reports of severe toxicity when TKIs (tyrosine kinase inhibitors) are administered sequentially after ICI. Understanding the biology behind the immune response against these tumors is crucial to the development of better therapeutic strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.