ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
A century of BCG vaccination: Immune mechanisms, animal models, non-traditional routes and implications for COVID-19.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of BCG revaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- Immune mechanisms mediating the heterologous effects of BCG vaccination: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Genetic and immunologic determinants of BCG disease: from mechanism to prevention.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Mucosal BCG Vaccination and Immune Layering: Route-Dependent Programming of Immunity at the Respiratory Interface.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Disseminated BCGosis in immunocompromised infants: a five-case series in the context of a national BCG vaccination policy change.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Trained Immunity Induced by Vaccines: A Shifting Paradigm for Infant and Adult Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- BCG vaccination reduces the rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis dissemination between murine lungs.Research square · 2026Article
- BCG vaccination reduces the rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis dissemination between murine lungs.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Enhancement of host anti-mycobacterial immunity by green tea hot-water extract is mediated through miR-9-5p-enriched lung extracellular vesicles.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Unleashing the power of the BCG vaccine in modulating viral immunity through heterologous protection: A scoping review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- BCG Immunotherapy in Equine Sarcoid Treatment: Mechanisms, Clinical Efficacy, and Challenges in Veterinary Oncology.Viruses · 2025Review
- Harnessing Actinobacteria secondary metabolites for tuberculosis drug discovery: Historical trends, current status and future outlooks.Natural products and bioprospecting · 2025Review
- A novel nanoparticle vaccine displaying multistage tuberculosis antigens confers protection in mice infected with H37Rv.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- A recombinant BCG with surface-displayed antigen induces humoral and cellular immune responses.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Deconvoluting the interplay of innate and adaptive immunity in BCG-induced nonspecific and TB-specific host resistance.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Review
- A temperature-responsive PLA-based nanosponge as a novel nanoadjuvant and efficient delivery carrier of Ag85B for effective vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Article
- Dendritic Cell Vaccine Harboring Inactivated Mycobacteria Induces Immune Protection Against Tuberculosis in Murine Models and is Well Tolerated in Humans.Small science · 2025Article
- BCG and beyond: unlocking new frontiers in TB vaccine development.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has been used as a vaccine against tuberculosis since 1921 and remains the only currently approved vaccine for this infection. The recent discovery that BCG protects against initial infection, and not just against progression from latent to active disease, has significant implications for ongoing research into the immune mechanisms that are relevant to generate a solid host defense against
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.