Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36090348›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in psychiatry2022

A systematic review of the biological, social, and environmental determinants of intellectual disability in children and adolescents.

Helen Leonard, Alicia Montgomery, Brittany Wolff, Elissa Strumpher, Anne Masi, Susan Woolfenden, Katrina Williams, Valsamma Eapen, Amy Finlay-Jones, Andrew Whitehouse and 7 more

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  6. Review
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  13. Genes · 2023
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Helen LeonardTelethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
Alicia MontgomerySchool of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Brittany WolffTelethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
Elissa StrumpherTelethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
Anne MasiSchool of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Susan WoolfendenSchool of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Katrina WilliamsDepartment of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
Valsamma EapenSchool of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Amy Finlay-JonesTelethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
Andrew WhitehouseTelethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
Martyn SymonsTelethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
Melissa LicariTelethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
Kandice VarcinTelethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
Gail AlvaresTelethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
Kiah EvansTelethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
Jenny DownsTelethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
Emma GlassonTelethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Aim: This systematic review aimed to identify the most important social, environmental, biological, and/or genetic risk factors for intellectual disability (ID). Methods: Eligible were published prospective or retrospective comparative studies investigating risk factors for ID in children 4-18 years. Exclusions were single group studies with no comparator without ID and a sample size <100. Electronic databases (Medline, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PsycInfo, Campbell Collaboration, and CINAHL) were searched for eligible publications from 1980 to 2020. Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal instruments, appropriate for study type, were used to assess study quality and risk of bias. Descriptive characteristics and individual study results were presented followed by the synthesis for individual risk factors, also assessed using GRADE. Results: Fifty-eight individual eligible studies were grouped into six exposure topics: sociodemographic; antenatal and perinatal; maternal physical health; maternal mental health; environmental; genetic or biological studies. There were few eligible genetic studies. For half the topics, the certainty of evidence (GRADE) was moderate or high. Conclusion: Multiple studies have examined individual potential determinants of ID, but few have investigated holistically to identify those populations most at risk. Our review would indicate that there are vulnerable groups where risk factors we identified, such as low socioeconomic status, minority ethnicity, teenage motherhood, maternal mental illness, and alcohol abuse, may cluster, highlighting a target for preventive strategies. At-risk populations need to be identified and monitored so that interventions can be implemented when appropriate, at preconception, during pregnancy, or after birth. This could reduce the likelihood of ID and provide optimal opportunities for vulnerable infants. Systematic review registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=120032], identifier [CRD42019120032].

Indexed as

antenataldata linkageintellectual disabilitymaternal healthpopulation datarisk factorsociodemographicsystematic review

Identifiers

PMID36090348
PMCPMC9453821

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.