Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36089825›Full record

ArticleMagnetic resonance in medicine2022

NIfTI-MRS: A standard data format for magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

William T Clarke, Tiffany K Bell, Uzay E Emir, Mark Mikkelsen, Georg Oeltzschner, Amirmohammad Shamaei, Brian J Soher, Martin Wilson

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
7.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. A Digital Phantom for MR Spectroscopy Data Simulation.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026
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  20. Spatiospectral image processing workflow considerations for advanced MR spectroscopy of the brain.Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.

William T ClarkeWellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-7159-7025
Tiffany K BellDepartment of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Uzay E EmirSchool of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5376-0431
Mark MikkelsenDepartment of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0349-3782
Georg OeltzschnerRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3083-9811
Amirmohammad ShamaeiCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Brno, Czech Republic.ORCID 0000-0001-8342-3284
Brian J SoherCenter for Advanced MR Development, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2750-7277
Martin WilsonCentre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-2089-3956
Cornell University · USCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments · CZDuke University · USKennedy Krieger Institute · USPurdue University West Lafayette · USUniversity of Birmingham · GBUniversity of Calgary · CAUniversity of Oxford · GB

Funding

TR&D 4: Algorithms for functional and anatomical brain analysisP41EB015909 · NIBIB · HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER · PI VAN ZIJL, PETER CM · 2012 to 2020
$13.1M
TRD 4: Platforms for multi-modal and multi-scale imaging dataP41EB031771 · NIBIB · HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER · PI Hanzhang Lu, Peter CM Van Zijl · 2021 to 2026
$9.9M
Universal GABA-edited MRS at 3TR01EB016089 · NIBIB · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Richard Anthony Edward Edden · 2013 to 2026
$5.4M
Simultaneous Hadamard Editing of GABA and GlutathioneR01EB023963 · NIBIB · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI EDDEN, RICHARD ANTHONY EDWARD · 2017 to 2024
$3.8M
3T MRI Scanner dedicated to Life Sciences ResearchS10OD012336 · OD · PURDUE UNIVERSITY · PI DYDAK, ULRIKE · 2015 to 2015
$2.0M
State of the Art 3T Research ScannerS10OD021648 · OD · HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER · PI VAN ZIJL, PETER CM · 2016 to 2016
$2.0M
Multi-voxel spectral editing at 3TR01EB028259 · NIBIB · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI BARKER, PETER B · 2020 to 2024
$1.6M
Towards a comprehensive neurometabolic profile in patients with mild cognitive impairment.R00AG062230 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI OELTZSCHNER, GEORG · 2021 to 2023
$735k
Towards a comprehensive neurometabolic profile in patients with mild cognitive impairment.K99AG062230 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI OELTZSCHNER, GEORG · 2019 to 2020
$171k
NIA NIH HHS K99 AG062230NIA NIH HHS R00 AG062230NIBIB NIH HHS P41 EB015909NIBIB NIH HHS P41 EB031771NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB016089NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB023963NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB028259NIH HHS S10 OD012336NIH HHS S10 OD021648Wellcome Trust 102584Wellcome Trust 102584/Z/13/ZWellcome Trust 203139
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeMultiple data formats in the MRS community currently hinder data sharing and integration. NIfTI-MRS is proposed as a standard spectroscopy data format, implemented as an extension to the Neuroimaging informatics technology initiative (NIfTI) format. This standardized format can facilitate data sharing and algorithm development as well as ease integration of MRS analysis alongside other imaging modalities.

methodsA file format using the NIfTI header extension framework incorporates essential spectroscopic metadata and additional encoding dimensions. A detailed description of the specification is provided. An open-source command-line conversion program is implemented to convert single-voxel and spectroscopic imaging data to NIfTI-MRS. Visualization of data in NIfTI-MRS is provided by development of a dedicated plugin for FSLeyes, the FMRIB Software Library (FSL) image viewer.

resultsOnline documentation and 10 example datasets in the proposed format are provided. Code examples of NIfTI-MRS readers are implemented in common programming languages. Conversion software, spec2nii, currently converts 14 formats where data is stored in image-space to NIfTI-MRS, including Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) and vendor proprietary formats.

conclusionNIfTI-MRS aims to solve issues arising from multiple data formats being used in the MRS community. Through a single conversion point, processing and analysis of MRS data are simplified, thereby lowering the barrier to use of MRS. Furthermore, it can serve as the basis for open data sharing, collaboration, and interoperability of analysis programs. Greater standardization and harmonization become possible. By aligning with the dominant format in neuroimaging, NIfTI-MRS enables the use of mature tools present in the imaging community, demonstrated in this work by using a dedicated imaging tool, FSLeyes, for visualization.

Indexed as

Magnetic Resonance ImagingNeuroimagingInformaticsMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopySoftwareTechnologyMRSMRSIopen data formatspectroscopyvisualization

Identifiers

PMID36089825
PMCPMC7613677
OpenAlexW4295329051

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.