ArticleHealth economics2022
A scoping review of statistical methods for trial-based economic evaluations: The current state of play.
Article in Health economics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- How to prevent missing data in cost-effectiveness analyses alongside cardiovascular disease trials? A review on methods of administration of patient-reported outcomes.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2026Pooled it
- Cost-Effectiveness of Remote Cognitive-Behavioral-Based Therapy for Chronic Pain Among People With High-Impact Chronic Pain.Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research · 2026Trial
- Cost-effectiveness of percutaneous nephrostomy vs JJ stent in obstructive urolithiasis: economic evaluation alongside the STent Or NEphrostomy (STONE) randomised controlled trial.BJU international · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Cost-Effectiveness of Internet-Delivered Emotion Regulation Therapy for Adolescents With Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Within-Trial Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mental health · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of kangaroo mother care before clinical stabilisation versus standard care among neonates at five hospitals in Uganda (OMWaNA): a parallel-group, individually randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation.Lancet (London, England) · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Meta-Analysis of Incremental Net Benefit from Trial-Based Health Economic Evaluations in R: A Tutorial.PharmacoEconomics · 2026Review
- Economic Evaluation of an Intervention to Improve Mouth Care and Reduce Pneumonia Incidence in Nursing Homes: An Exploratory Analysis.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2026Article
- How Applied Researchers Engage with Methodological Tutorials: A Three-step Test Interview Study of an R Tutorial for Trial-Based Economic Evaluation.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2026Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of the STEPS Work Participation Program Compared to Usual Care, for Cancer Survivors: An Economic Evaluation Alongside a Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of occupational rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Comparing User-Written Codes for Performing Economic Evaluations in Stata.PharmacoEconomics · 2026Review
- Article
- (Cost-)Effectiveness of personalised multimodal physiotherapy compared to surgery in patients with painful cervical radiculopathy. Protocol for a randomised non-inferiority trial (The MOVE-IT study).Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2026Article
- Protocol for the health economic evaluation of nature-based social prescribing against loneliness alongside the RECETAS trials.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of the Toddler Oral Health Intervention in Dutch Well-Baby Clinics: A Trial-Based Economic Evaluation.Caries research · 2026Article
- Return on Investment of the Back At Work After Surgery (BAAS) Care Pathway Compared to Care-as-Usual in Knee Arthroplasty.Journal of occupational rehabilitation · 2025Observational
- Protocol for the economic evaluation of the "Healthy for Two/Healthy for You" pragmatic lifestyle intervention in prenatal care to reduce gestational weight gain and gestational diabetes mellitus.Contemporary clinical trials · 2025Article
- Article
- Poor reporting quality and high proportion of missing data in economic evaluations alongside pragmatic trials: a cross-sectional survey.BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The statistical quality of trial-based economic evaluations is often suboptimal, while a comprehensive overview of available statistical methods is lacking. Therefore, this review summarized and critically appraised available statistical methods for trial-based economic evaluations. A literature search was performed to identify studies on statistical methods for dealing with baseline imbalances, skewed costs and/or effects, correlated costs and effects, clustered data, longitudinal data, missing data and censoring in trial-based economic evaluations. Data was extracted on the statistical methods described, their advantages, disadvantages, relative performance and recommendations of the study. Sixty-eight studies were included. Of them, 27 (40%) assessed methods for baseline imbalances, 39 (57%) assessed methods for skewed costs and/or effects, 27 (40%) assessed methods for correlated costs and effects, 18 (26%) assessed methods for clustered data, 7 (10%) assessed methods for longitudinal data, 26 (38%) assessed methods for missing data and 10 (15%) assessed methods for censoring. All identified methods were narratively described. This review provides a comprehensive overview of available statistical methods for dealing with the most common statistical complexities in trial-based economic evaluations. Herewith, it can provide valuable input for researchers when deciding which statistical methods to use in a trial-based economic evaluation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.