ReviewImmunological reviews2023
Alternative pathway activation: Ever ancient and ever new.
Review in Immunological reviews, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in Complement Research: from Pathophysiology to Precision Medicine.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Urine Proteomic Profiling at Admission Reveals Complement Biomarkers Linked to Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Article
- Complement in acute kidney injury: a convergent pathogenic pathway in multifactorial renal damage.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The complement cascade in Alzheimer's disease: modern implications of an ancient immune protagonist.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- A Lifelong Journey in the Field of the Pulmonary Circulation: Perspectives Through the Lens of the Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory.Pulmonary circulation · 2025Article
- Involvement of Complement in Alzheimer's Disease: From Genetics Through Pathology to Therapeutic Strategies.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- Role of Complement in Liver Diseases.Seminars in liver disease · 2024Review
- A guide to complement biology, pathology and therapeutic opportunity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Functional evaluation of rare variants in complement factor I using a minigene assay.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Heme Interactions as Regulators of the Alternative Pathway Complement Responses and Implications for Heme-Associated Pathologies.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
- Targeted genotyping of COVID-19 patients reveals a signature of complement C3 and factor B coding SNPs associated with severe infection.Immunobiology · 2023Article
- Unleashing the power of complement activation: unraveling renal damage in human anti-glomerular basement membrane disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Primitive underpinnings of the alternative pathway (AP), namely, a C3-like protein, likely arose more than a billion years ago. The development of an AP amplification loop, while greatly enhancing speed and potency, also presents a double-edged sword. Although critical to combat an infectious disease, it is also potentially destructive, particularly in a chronic disease process involving vital organs where scarring and reduction of regulatory function can occur. Furthermore, new knowledge is pointing to genetic factors involved in an increasing number of complement-related diseases such as age-related macular degeneration. However, even a normal functioning repertoire of complement components can drive cellular damage as a result of low-level complement activation over time. Thus, the modern human AP now faces a new challenge: cumulatively-driven tissue damage from chronic inflammatory processes that mediate cellular injury. The impact of ongoing low-level AP-enhanced complement activation in disease processes is just beginning to be appreciated and studied. However, the sheer numbers of individuals affected by chronic diseases emphasize the need for novel therapeutic agents capable of modulating the AP. The more we learn about this ancient system, the greater is the likelihood of developing fresh perspectives that could contribute to improved human health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.