ArticleJournal of infection and public health2022
Association of TNF-α, TGF-β1, amphiregulin, IL-2, and EGFR WITH pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19.
Article in Journal of infection and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ellagic acid and gallic acid combination attenuates pulmonary fibrotic responses in vitro: evidence suggesting involvement of the 5-HT2B/Ca²⁺/inflammatory axis.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Amphiregulin and Fibrosis: Existing Evidence and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Sustained Lung Inflammation Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Mice Is Associated with Increased Pulmonary T Cells.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Taiwan Chingguan Yihau may improve post-COVID-19 respiratory complications through PI3K/AKT, HIF-1, and TNF signaling pathways revealed by network pharmacology analysis.Molecular diversity · 2025Article
- Exploring TNFR1: from discovery to targeted therapy development.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Profiles and influencing factors of pulmonary fibrosis associated with biologic and conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for autoimmune diseases: a disproportionality study based on FAERS and VigiAccess.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Evaluating the efficacy of ethanolic extract of Tapak Liman (Open veterinary journal · 2025Review
- Effect of apigetrin in pseudo-SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammatory and pulmonary fibrosis in vitro model.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Role of Cytokines and Molecular Pathways in Lung Fibrosis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Physiopathologic (Re)view.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- The Important Role of Interleukin-2 in COVID-19.Journal of immunology research · 2023Review
- Plant polysaccharides with anti-lung injury effects as a potential therapeutic strategy for COVID-19.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a well-recognized sequela associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), however the mechanism is yet to be clearly understood. The study was designed to evaluate the association of TNF-α, TGF- β1, amphiregulin, IL-2, and EGFR with pulmonary fibrosis after COVID-19 pneumonia. Non-severe, severe, and critical COVID-19 pneumonia patients were included in this study after the patients agreed and gave written informed consent. Blood samples were analyzed with the ELISA method for cytokine examination. The non-contrast chest CT scan was performed after patients were discharged from hospital. Seventy-nine patients with a mean age of 54 years (57 % men, 43 % women) were fully evaluated. Pulmonary fibrosis was found in 74 patients (93.7 %). Serum levels of TGF-β1 60.55 pg/mL (11.42-2001.16), TNF-α 13.31 pg/mL (3.54-200.32), EGFR 14.9 pg/mL(6.4-53.6), IL-2 12.41 pg/mL(11-14.13), amphiregulin 156.5 pg/mL (21.7-1234). Serum levels of TNF-α increase according to the severity of clinical classification. A significant association between serum levels of TGF-β1, TNF- α, and pulmonary fibrosis with rs-0.247, p = 0.027; rs 0.259, p = 0.046 was found. According to this study, TNF-α and TGF-β1 potentially participate in the process of pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19.
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