ArticleBMC complementary medicine and therapies2022
Methanolic neem (Azadirachta indica) stem bark extract induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and inhibits the migration of cervical cancer cells in vitro.
Article in BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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12 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Coupling DNA intercalation with redox catalysis: selective killing mechanism of glioblastoma by daidzin.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Antiproliferative activity, phytochemistry, network pharmacology, molecular docking and gene expression analysis of Maerua edulis extracts against human cervical cancer cell line.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026Article
- Exploring the Cancer Therapeutic Potential of Traditional Medicinal Plants by Modulating the Apoptotic Pathway.BioMed research international · 2026Review
- In vitro antiproliferative effects of green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Brassica carinata microgreens on DU-145 prostate cancer cells and In vivo safety assessment.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2025Article
- The pleiotropic anti-cancer, antiviral, and anti-neuro-immunomodulatory role of methanolic neem bark extract.Journal of natural medicines · 2025Review
- Article
- Exploring the anticancer potential of traditional herbs from Tamil Nadu: a narrative review of ethnomedicinal insights and scientific evidence.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental approaches of the anti-proliferative effects ofHeliyon · 2024Article
- Adipocyte-specific FAK deletion promotes pancreatic β-cell apoptosis via adipose inflammatory response to exacerbate diabetes mellitus.Clinical and translational medicine · 2024Article
- Molecular Actions ofAnti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- Arctigenin hinders the invasion and metastasis of cervical cancer cells via the FAK/paxillin pathway.Heliyon · 2023Article
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3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCervical cancer remains one of the significant causes of mortality in women due to the limitations of current treatment strategies and their associated side effects. Investigation of alternative medicine, including phytomedicine, has shown effective anti-cancer potential with fewer side effects. Azadirachta indica (commonly known as neem) is known for its medicinal properties. The present study investigated the anti-cancer potential of methanolic neem stem bark extract (MNBE) against cervical cancer using HeLa, SiHa, and ME-180 cell lines.
methodsCytotoxic effect of MNBE on cultured cell lines was evaluated by MTT and clonogenic assay. The growth-inhibiting effect of MNBE was further confirmed by performing cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assay using flow cytometry. The anti-migratory effect of MNBE was evaluated by using wound healing and Boyden chamber assay. Real-time PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression, and western blot and flow cytometry was used to determine the protein levels of growth and migration-related genes.
resultsMNBE significantly suppressed the growth and survival of cervical cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition, the growth inhibitory effect of MNBE was specific to cervical cancer cells than normal cells. Cell cycle arrest was correlated to transcriptional downregulation of cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), cyclin A, and cyclin B. Additionally, MNBE treatment resulted in the upregulation of active caspase-3 protein and downregulation of prosurvival genes, Bcl2, and survivin at mRNA level and NFkB-p65 at the protein level. Furthermore, MNBE inhibited the migration of cervical cancer cells accompanied by modulation of migration-related genes, including zona occludens-1 (ZO-1), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), N-cadherin, snail, and E-cadherin.
conclusionIn summary, the present study provides the first evidence of MNBE in restricting cervical cancer cell growth and migration, which warrants further investigation for developing novel anti-cancer drugs.
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