ArticleThe Science of the total environment2023
The association of COVID-19 incidence with temperature, humidity, and UV radiation - A global multi-city analysis.
Article in The Science of the total environment, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- The influence of weather and urban environment characteristics on upper respiratory tract infections: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Climatic heterogeneity in meteorological associations with childhood acute respiratory symptoms across four South Asian countries.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- A Bayesian spatially-clustered coefficient model with temporal structures for hepatitis A data in South Korea.Journal of applied statistics · 2026Article
- Comparative Performance of Wastewater, Clinical, and Digital Surveillance Indicators for COVID-19 Monitoring in Routine Practice: Retrospective Observational Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Observational
- The impact of temperature and relative humidity on SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission in Syrian hamsters.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Did Environmental and Climatic Factors Influence the Outcome of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Republic of Serbia?Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Role of Gut Microbiota in Long COVID: Impact on Immune Function and Organ System Health.Archives of microbiology & immunology · 2025Article
- Meteorological factors, population immunity, and COVID-19 incidence: A global multi-city analysis.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2024Article
- The Multi-Country Multi-City Collaborative Research Network: An international research consortium investigating environment, climate, and health.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2024Article
- Evaluating the direct effect of vaccination and non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe.Communications medicine · 2024Article
- Understanding carbon resilience under public health emergencies: a synthetic difference-in-differences approach.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Non-linear effects of meteorological factors on COVID-19: An analysis of 440 counties in the americas.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Compound mortality impacts from extreme temperatures and the COVID-19 pandemic.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Assessing eco-geographic influences on COVID-19 transmission: a global analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Heat-Related Mortality in the Extreme Summer of 2022—an Analysis Based on Daily Data.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2024Observational
- Tracing the COVID-19 spread pattern in India through a GIS-based spatio-temporal analysis of interconnected clusters.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Association of Ambient Temperature and Absolute Humidity with the Effective Reproduction Number of COVID-19 in Japan.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Nonlinear and Multidelayed Effects of Meteorological Drivers on Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Japan.Viruses · 2023Article
- The footprint of human-induced climate change on heat-related deaths in the summer of 2022 in Switzerland.Environmental research letters : ERL [Web site] · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
40 authors at 20 institutions in 19 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimThe associations between COVID-19 transmission and meteorological factors are scientifically debated. Several studies have been conducted worldwide, with inconsistent findings. However, often these studies had methodological issues, e.g., did not exclude important confounding factors, or had limited geographic or temporal resolution. Our aim was to quantify associations between temporal variations in COVID-19 incidence and meteorological variables globally.
methodsWe analysed data from 455 cities across 20 countries from 3 February to 31 October 2020. We used a time-series analysis that assumes a quasi-Poisson distribution of the cases and incorporates distributed lag non-linear modelling for the exposure associations at the city-level while considering effects of autocorrelation, long-term trends, and day of the week. The confounding by governmental measures was accounted for by incorporating the Oxford Governmental Stringency Index. The effects of daily mean air temperature, relative and absolute humidity, and UV radiation were estimated by applying a meta-regression of local estimates with multi-level random effects for location, country, and climatic zone.
resultsWe found that air temperature and absolute humidity influenced the spread of COVID-19 over a lag period of 15 days. Pooling the estimates globally showed that overall low temperatures (7.5 °C compared to 17.0 °C) and low absolute humidity (6.0 g/m
conclusionGlobally, our results suggest that comparatively low temperatures and low absolute humidity were associated with increased risks of COVID-19 incidence. However, this study underlines regional heterogeneity of weather-related effects on COVID-19 transmission.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.