Trial reportCell metabolism2022
Timing of daily calorie loading affects appetite and hunger responses without changes in energy metabolism in healthy subjects with obesity.
Trial report in Cell metabolism, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 49 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Big Breakfast Study: Chrono-nutrition Influence on Energy Expenditure and Body Weight
Time-Restricted Eating (10-Hour Window) for Weight-Loss Maintenance in Adults With Recent Intentional Weight Loss: A Multicenter, 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of skipping breakfast on cardiovascular risk factors: a grade-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Time-Restricted Eating on Appetite and Inflammation in Adults With Obesity and Prediabetes: A Randomized Feeding Study.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Trial
- Fava bean and buckwheat are sustainable food sources which support satiety and beneficially modulate several biomarkers, bacteria and metabolites associated with human health.European journal of nutrition · 2025Trial
- Validation of a Smartphone Application for Monitoring Circadian Appetite: A Randomized Crossover Trial in Free-Living and Controlled Settings.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Late eating is associated with poor glucose tolerance, independent of body weight, fat mass, energy intake and diet composition in prediabetes or early onset type 2 diabetes.Nutrition & diabetes · 2024Trial
- Design and Implementation of a Time-Restricted Eating Intervention in a Randomized, Controlled Eating Study.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- When Ultra-Processed Foods are Eaten: The Missing Dimension in Exposure Measurement for Obesity Research.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- Circadian distribution of carbohydrate intake during adolescence and association with risk markers of type 2 diabetes in adulthood-the role of chronotype.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Rationale and protocol for time-based energy intake goals within an obesity care lifestyle intervention: Daily eating patterns for total health study.Contemporary clinical trials · 2026Article
- Big breakfast diet composition impacts on appetite control and gut health: a randomised weight loss trial in adults with overweight or obesity.The British journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Time-of-Day Defines the Risk of Thermally Abused Frying Oil to Renal Injury by Modulating the Diurnal Dynamics of Oxylipins.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2026Article
- Associations between Meal Timing and Frequency and Obesity among Adults in Jeju, Republic of Korea.Preventive nutrition and food science · 2026Article
- Article
- Early but not late time-restricted eating improves an actigraphy-estimated sleep quality in women with overweight or obesity: secondary analysis of the crossover ChronoFast trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Time-restricted feeding promotes glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion and regulates appetite via tryptophan metabolism of gutGut microbes · 2025Article
- Article
- A lysine-restricted diet ameliorates obesity via enrichment of Parabacteroides goldsteinii and 1,4-methylimidazoleacetic acid.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Circadian nutrition and obesity: timing as a nutritional strategy.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Review
- Interactions between exercise, environmental factors, and diet in modulating appetite-regulating hormones: implications for athletes and physically active individuals.Korean journal of family medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Morning loaded calorie intake in humans has been advocated as a dietary strategy to improve weight loss. This is also supported by animal studies suggesting time of eating can prevent weight gain. However, the underlying mechanisms through which timing of eating could promote weight loss in humans are unclear. In a randomized crossover trial (NCT03305237), 30 subjects with obesity/overweight underwent two 4-week calorie-restricted but isoenergetic weight loss diets, with morning loaded or evening loaded calories (45%:35%:20% versus 20%:35%:45% calories at breakfast, lunch, and dinner, respectively). We demonstrate no differences in total daily energy expenditure or resting metabolic rate related to the timing of calorie distribution, and no difference in weight loss. Participants consuming the morning loaded diet reported significantly lower hunger. Thus, morning loaded intake (big breakfast) may assist with compliance to weight loss regime through a greater suppression of appetite.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.