Trial reportNature communications2022
CAR-T cell therapy-related cytokine release syndrome and therapeutic response is modulated by the gut microbiome in hematologic malignancies.
Trial report in Nature communications, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 104 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Central nervous system infections caused by carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae after CAR T-cell therapy in a patient with preexisting colonization: a case report and literature review.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- The gut microbiota-brain-CAR T cell axis: a systematic review of gut microbiome modulation and its impact on neurological complications and treatment responses in CAR T cell therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- A retrospectively registered pilot randomized controlled trial of postbiotic administration during antibiotic treatment increases microbiome diversity and enriches health-associated taxa.Infection and immunity · 2026Trial
- Gut microbiome modulates the outcome in primary central nervous system lymphoma patients undergoing chemotherapy: An ancillary study from the BLOCAGE trial.Neuro-oncology · 2025Trial
- Safety and clinical activity of autologous RNA chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in myasthenia gravis (MG-001): a prospective, multicentre, open-label, non-randomised phase 1b/2a study.The Lancet. Neurology · 2023Trial
- Leveraging the bacteria for enhanced cancer immunotherapy: from a perspective of synthetic biology.Cancer biology & therapy · 2026Review
- Microbial cues and T cell immunity: deciphering their interactions in chronic liver disease.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- CAR-T Cell Therapy and Gut Microbiota Modulation in Multiple Sclerosis: Emerging Therapeutic Strategies and Current Limitations.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- The role of the microbiota in hematological malignancies: A narrative review of mechanisms and therapeutic potential.New microbes and new infections · 2026Review
- Toward a Dual-Axis Model of Microbiome Modulation in Cancer Immunotherapy: Pathobiont Elimination and Functional Ecosystem Restoration.Cellular and molecular bioengineering · 2026Article
- Genetic Code Expanded T Cell for Controllable Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Chronic graft-versus-host disease.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Harnessing the microbiome for cancer therapy.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies related to immune effector cell-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-like syndrome: Diagnosis, high-risk factors, and management.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Microbiome-Based Modeling of CAR-T Therapy Response in Lymphoma: Insights From Shotgun Metagenomics Sequencing.European journal of haematology · 2026Article
- Innovative approaches in the treatment of hematologic malignancies: the role of CRISPR-engineered microbiomes along the gut-immune axis in immunotherapy development.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Redesigning CAR therapy to tackle immune effector cell-associated hematotoxicity.Annals of hematology · 2026Review
- Antibiotic-associated dysbiosis and bispecific antibody outcomes in multiple myeloma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- The impact of gut microbiota on leukemia and prospects for novel therapies.Infectious medicine · 2026Review
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
19 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Immunotherapy utilizing chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy holds promise for hematologic malignancies, however, response rates and associated immune-related adverse effects widely vary among patients. Here we show, by comparing diversity and composition of the gut microbiome during different CAR-T therapeutic phases in the clinical trial ChiCTR1800017404, that the gut flora characteristically differs among patients and according to treatment stages, and might also reflect patient response to therapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM; n = 43), acute lympholastic leukemia (ALL; n = 23) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL; n = 12). We observe significant temporal differences in diversity and abundance of Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, Sutterella, and Collinsella between MM patients in complete remission (n = 24) and those in partial remission (n = 11). Furthermore, we find that patients with severe cytokine release syndrome present with higher abundance of Bifidobacterium, Leuconostoc, Stenotrophomonas, and Staphylococcus, which is reproducible in an independent cohort of 38 MM patients. This study has important implications for understanding the biological role of the microbiome in CAR-T treatment responsiveness of hematologic malignancy patients, and may guide therapeutic intervention to increase efficacy. The success rate of CAR-T cell therapy is high in blood cancers, yet individual patient characteristics might reduce therapeutic benefit. Here we show that therapeutic response in MM, ALL and NHL, and occurrence of severe cytokine release syndrome in multiple myeloma are associated with specific gut microbiome alterations.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.