ReviewCytokine & growth factor reviews2023
Fibrinogen-like protein 2: Its biological function across cell types and the potential to serve as an immunotherapy target for brain tumors.
Review in Cytokine & growth factor reviews, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fibrinogen-like protein 2-complement C3 interaction exacerbates tubular inflammation in acute kidney injury by elevating complement C3a levels.Renal failure · 2026Article
- Serum fibrinogen-like protein 2 is associated with diabetic nephropathy severity and modulates high glucose-induced tubular dysfunction via Akt-FoxO1 signaling.Renal failure · 2026Article
- Tumor-Derived Exosomes Deliver Membrane-Bound Fgl2 to Activate FcγRIIB-Mediated Immunosuppression in Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Preliminary exploration of the role of fibrinogen-like protein 2 in neuroblastoma.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Macrophage-derived Fgl2 dampens antitumor immunity through regulation of FcγRIIB+CD8+ T cells in melanoma.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Antitumor Effects and the Potential Mechanism of 10-HDA against SU-DHL-2 Cells.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- CD8Nature communications · 2024Article
- FGL1 and FGL2: emerging regulators of liver health and disease.Biomarker research · 2024Review
- Local Production of Acute Phase Proteins: A Defense Reaction of Cancer Cells to Injury with Focus on Fibrinogen.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Integrative bioinformatics analysis of WDHD1: a potential biomarker for pan-cancer prognosis, diagnosis, and immunotherapy.World journal of surgical oncology · 2023Article
- FGL2 deficiency alleviates maternal inflammation-induced blood-brain barrier damage by blocking PI3K/NF-κB mediated endothelial oxidative stress.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Brain tumors are among the 10 leading causes of cancer-related death and present unique treatment challenges due to their critical location, genetic heterogeneity, and the blood-brain barrier. Recent advances in targeted immunotherapy and immune checkpoint blocking therapy provide alternative therapeutic strategies for brain tumors. Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2), which induces transformation from low-grade glioma to high-grade glioblastoma, is a type II membrane protein that is highly expressed in both host immune cells and tumor cells. Studies have uncovered multiple forms of FGL2 proteins with a broad range of roles in inducing immune tolerance and avoiding immune surveillance in tumor cells. Of note, presence of FGL2 transforms low grade to high grade brain tumors via promoting Treg, macrophages, and perhaps stemness. Absence (knockout) of FGL2 in tumor cells (not in host cells) induces CD103 DC cells, which triggers tumor specific CD8 +T cell activity to reject brain tumor progression. Immunotherapies targeting FGL2 have shown great promise in improving survival time in murine models. In this article, we will summarize the biological function of FGL2 in immune and tumor cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.