ArticleFluids and barriers of the CNS2022
Short-term exposure to JUUL electronic cigarettes can worsen ischemic stroke outcome.
Article in Fluids and barriers of the CNS, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Are electronic cigarettes associated with the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke? A systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Nicotine-Mediated Alterations in Exosome Content: Implications for Stroke and Neurological Dysfunction.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Molecular Health Effects of Electronic Cigarettes.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular Risk Among Stroke Survivors With Combustible and Electronic Cigarettes: A Nationwide Study in Korean Men.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Metformin's protection against blood-brain barrier disruption and neuronal dysfunction under oxygen-glucose deprivation and tobacco smoke and e-vape chemical exposure.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Article
- Evaluation of systemic and brain pharmacokinetic parameters for repurposing metformin using intravenous bolus administration.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Article
- Challenges in current inhalable tobacco toxicity assessment models: A narrative review.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Review
- CNS Drug Delivery in Stroke: Improving Therapeutic Translation From the Bench to the Bedside.Stroke · 2024Review
- Permeability of Metformin across an In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model during Normoxia and Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation Conditions: Role of Organic Cation Transporters (Octs).Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Exposure, Retention, Exhalation, Symptoms, and Environmental Accumulation of Chemicals During JUUL Vaping.Chemical research in toxicology · 2023Article
- Maternal e-cigarette use can disrupt postnatal blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and deteriorates motor, learning and memory function: influence of sex and age.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe short and long-term health effects of JUUL electronic cigarette (e-Cig) are largely unknown and warrant extensive research. We hypothesized that JUUL exposure could cause cerebrovascular toxicities impacting the progression and outcome of ischemic stroke comparable to tobacco smoke (TS) exposure.
methodsWe exposed male C57 mice to TS/JUUL vapor for 14 days. LCMS/MS was used to measure brain and plasma nicotine and cotinine level. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) followed by reperfusion was used to mimic ischemic stroke. Plasma levels of IL-6 and thrombomodulin were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. At the same time, western blotting was used to study blood-brain barrier (BBB) tight junction (TJ) proteins expression and key inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.
resultstMCAO upregulated IL-6 and decreased plasma thrombomodulin levels. Post-ischemic brain injury following tMCAO was significantly worsened by JUUL/TS pre-exposure. TJ proteins expression was also downregulated by JUUL/TS pre-exposure after tMCAO. Like TS, exposure to JUUL downregulated the expression of the antioxidant Nrf2. ICAM-1 was upregulated in mice subjected to tMCAO following pre-exposure to TS or JUUL, with a greater effect of TS than JUUL.
conclusionsThese results suggest that JUUL exposure could negatively impact the cerebrovascular system, although to a lesser extent than TS exposure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.