ArticlePreventive medicine2022
Association between race, shooting hot spots, and the surge in gun violence during the COVID-19 pandemic in Philadelphia, New York and Los Angeles.
Article in Preventive medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effects of Street Cleaning on Serious Crime and Gun Violence in Philadelphia, 2023-2024: A Stratified Randomized Controlled Trial.American journal of public health · 2026Trial
- Can Enhanced Street Lighting Improve Public Safety at Scale?Criminology & public policy · 2026Article
- Article
- Racial disparities in gun violence: current evidence, an integrated cascading perspective, knowledge gaps, policy prescriptions.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Violence Exposure Relates Differently to Blood Pressure and Emotional Health as a Function of Cannabis Use Among Street-Identified Black Americans.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2025Article
- Analyzing the stability of gun violence patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic in Syracuse, New York.International journal of health geographics · 2025Article
- Carjacking and homicide in Minneapolis after the police killing of George Floyd: Evidence from an interrupted time series analysis.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- COVID-19: A national rise in penetrating trauma cared for by a prepared trauma system.Surgery open science · 2024Article
- Situational and Victim Correlates of Increased Case Fatality Rates in Los Angeles Shootings, 2005-2021.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2024Article
- Gun violence research is surging to inform solutions to a devastating public health crisis.Preventive medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Gun violence rates increased in U.S. cities in 2020 and into 2021. Gun violence rates in U.S. cities is typically concentrated in racially segregated neighborhoods with higher poverty levels. However, poverty levels and demographics alone do not explain the high concentration of violence or its relative change over time. In this paper, we examine the extent to which the increase in shooting victimization in Philadelphia, New York, and Los Angeles during the 2020-2021 pandemic was concentrated in gun violence hot spots, and how the increase impacted race and ethnic disparities in shooting victimization rates. We find that 36% (Philadelphia), 47% (New York), and 55% (Los Angeles) of the increase in shootings observed during the period 2020-2021 occurred in the top decile of census block groups, by aggregate number of shootings, and that the race/ethnicity of victims in these gun violence hot spots were disproportionately Black and Hispanic. We discuss the implications of these findings as they relate to racial disparities in victimization and place-based efforts to reduce gun violence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.