Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36084292›Full record

SynthesisVeterinary medicine and science2022

The global prevalence of Spirometra parasites in snakes, frogs, dogs, and cats: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Milad Badri, Meysam Olfatifar, Amir KarimiPourSaryazdi, Leila Zaki, Luis Manuel Madeira de Carvalho, Majid Fasihi Harandi, Fatemeh Barikbin, Parisa Madani, Aida Vafae Eslahi

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Veterinary medicine and science, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Occurrence ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
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  10. Endoparasites in domestic cats (Felis catus) in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil.Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Milad BadriMedical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Meysam OlfatifarGastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.ORCID 0000-0001-5011-1380
Amir KarimiPourSaryazdiDepartment of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Leila ZakiDepartment of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Luis Manuel Madeira de CarvalhoCIISA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Majid Fasihi HarandiResearch Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Fatemeh BarikbinPost Graduate Students of Operative Dentistry, Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Parisa MadaniMetabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute For Prevention Of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University Of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Aida Vafae EslahiMedical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.ORCID 0000-0001-5399-0552

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSpirometra infection is aneglected food- and waterborne disease with worldwide distribution.

objectivesThe present study aims to estimate the global prevalence of Spirometra species in snakes, frogs, dogs and cats.

methodsMultiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science and Google Scholar) were searched for relevant literatures published up to March 2022.

resultsAmong 131 data sets (including 113 articles) that met the inclusion, 15 investigations reported Spirometra infection in snakes, 23 in frogs, 41 in dogs and 52 in cats. The pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) in intermediate hosts and definitive hosts was found to be 0.313% and 0.089%, respectively. Based on continent, the infection was most prevalent in Asia for studies on snakes (0.696%) and frogs (0.181%), while Africa (0.224%) and Oceania (0.203%) were the regions with the highest pooled prevalence rates of the infection in dogs and cats, respectively. Among different diagnostic methods, the highest pooled prevalence was related to morphological method for studies on snakes, frog and cats with rate of 0.665%, 0.189% and 0.104%, respectively. Regarding studies on dogs, the highest pooled prevalence was observed for molecular technique (0.101%).

conclusionsThe results presented here revealed the importance of establishing a prevention and control measure focused on protection of aquaculture systems from being contaminated with faeces of dogs and cats, and raising awareness of parasitic zoonotic diseases to decrease the transmission risk.

Indexed as

Cat DiseasesCestode InfectionsDog DiseasesParasitesSpirometraAnimalsCatsDogsPrevalenceSnakesamphibianscaninefelinereptilesSpirometrazoonosis

Identifiers

PMID36084292
PMCPMC9677416

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.