ArticleInternational wound journal2023
Incidence, prevalence, and potential risk factors for diabetic foot ulceration: A retrospective review at a multidisciplinary centre in Barbados.
Article in International wound journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global Epidemiology of Diabetic Foot: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Phylogenetic Profiling of the Diabetic Foot Ulcer Microbiome of an Afro-Caribbean Population.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Foot self-care practices among adults with diabetes in the West Bank, Palestine: A cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Multiple Lenses to Unearth Hidden Voices: Living with Diabetic Foot Ulceration in an Afro-Caribbean Community.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting diabetic foot ulcer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Incidence, prevalence, and potential risk factors for diabetic foot ulceration: A retrospective review at a multidisciplinary centre in Barbados.International wound journal · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveDiabetes and lower extremity amputation rates in Barbados are among some of the highest globally, with peripheral neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease found to be independent risk factors for this population. Despite this, there is currently a lack of research evidence on rates of diabetic foot ulceration, which has amputation as its sequela. We aimed to evaluate the incidence and prevalence rates of active ulceration in a population of people with diabetes in Barbados. Secondly, we explored the risk factors for new/recurrent ulceration. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsData were extracted from the electronic medical records for the period January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020 for a retrospective cross-sectional study for patients of a publicly-funded diabetes management programme. Eligible records included people aged 18 years and above with a diagnosis of type 1 or 2 diabetes. Potential risk factors were explored using univariable logistic regression models.
resultsA total of 225 patients were included in the study (96% type 2 diabetes, 70.7% female, 98.7% Black Caribbean). The 1-year period prevalence of diabetic foot ulceration was 14.7% (confidence interval [CI]: 10.5, 20.1). Incidence of ulceration in the same period was 4.4% (CI: 4.4, 4.5). Risk factors associated with diabetic foot ulceration included: retinopathy (OR 3.85, CI: 1.24, 11.93), chronic kidney disease (OR 9.86, CI: 1.31, 74.22), aspirin use (OR 3.326, CI: 1.02, 10.85), and clopidogrel use (OR 3.13, CI: 1.47, 6.68).
conclusionThis study provided some insight into potential risk factors for foot ulceration in this population, which previous studies have shown to have higher rates of lower extremity amputations. Further research in this understudied group through a larger prospective cohort would allow more meaningful associations with risk factors and would be useful for the creation of risk prediction models.
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