ReviewJournal of multimorbidity and comorbidity
Multimorbidity of communicable and non-communicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.
Review in Journal of multimorbidity and comorbidity. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Capacity building models for managing multiple long-term conditions in low-and-middle-income countries: a systematic review and gap analysis.Human resources for health · 2025Pooled it
- Psychometric Evaluation of the Mutuality Scale in Older Adults with Multiple Chronic Conditions and Their Caregivers Living in a Low-Middle-Income Country.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2026Article
- Article
- Determining causes of death through an abridged verbal autopsy tool: a pilot test conducted among vulnerable communities in Kolkata, India.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Integrated tuberculosis-multimorbidity management in India: A SWOT analysis.The Indian journal of medical research · 2026Review
- Clarity in Reporting Multiple Long-Term Conditions in Research: The Need for Consistency and Consensus.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Financial impact of non-communicable diseases on households with older adults in india: a mixed methods study.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Hypertension is a marker of the micro-epidemiologic transition in ageing HIV populations in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania (AFRICOS, 2013-2023).BMC public health · 2026Article
- Developing an Integrated Municipal Environmental Health Framework for Communicable Disease Surveillance and Prevention in South Africa: A Mixed-Methods Study Protocol.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Cost of diabetes and hypertension care among patients in rural Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Multimorbidity and animal models.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Frailty, multimorbidity and quality of life in an ageing population in Africa: a cross-sectional, population-based study in rural and urban Rwanda.Family medicine and community health · 2025Article
- Temporal analysis of non-communicable diseases and NCD-HIV/AIDS comorbidity in Malawi: A 4-year retrospective study 2020-2022.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2025Article
- Prevalence and patterns of multiple long-term conditions among lymphatic filariasis patients in Odisha, India: a community-based cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Internalisation of the SDGs in the Western Brazilian Amazon: a qualitative study on continuing education processes and health vulnerability.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Multimorbid life expectancy across race, socio-economic status, and sex in South Africa.Population studies · 2025Article
- Spatial Analysis of patterns of Multimorbidity in the Thai Cohort Study Using Latent Class Analysis.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to analyse existing evidence on prevalence, patterns, determinants, and healthcare challenges of communicable and non-communicable disease multimorbidity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched from 1 Results: Of 3718 articles screened, 79 articles underwent a full text review of which 11 were included for narrative synthesis. Studies reported on 4 to 20 chronic communicable and non-communicable diseases; prevalence of multimorbidity ranged from 13% in a study conducted among 242,952 participants from 48 LMICS to 87% in a study conducted among 491 participants in South Africa. Multimorbidity was positively associated with older age, female sex, unemployment, and physical inactivity. Significantly higher odds of multimorbidity were noted among obese participants (OR 2.33; 95% CI: 2.19-2.48) and those who consumed alcohol (OR 1.44; 95% CI: 1.25-1.66). The most frequently occurring dyads and triads were HIV and hypertension (23.3%) and HIV, hypertension, and diabetes (63%), respectively. Women and participants from low wealth quintiles reported higher utilization of public healthcare facilities. Conclusion: The identification and prevention of risk factors and addressing evidence gaps in multimorbidity clustering is crucial to address the increasing communicable and non-communicable disease multimorbidity in LMICs. To identify communicable and non-communicable diseases trends over time and identify causal relationships, longitudinal studies are warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.