ArticleFrontiers in surgery2022
Risk factors and prognosis of liver metastasis in gallbladder cancer patients: A SEER-based study.
Article in Frontiers in surgery, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic characteristics and clinical-specific survival prediction in elderly patients with gallbladder cancer: a genetic and population-based study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Trial
- Gallbladder Adenocarcinoma With Metastasis in a Young Patient Without Traditional Risk Factors.Cureus · 2026Article
- Temporal trends in the incidence and prognosis of lung metastasis in gallbladder cancer: risk stratification and survival analysis.American journal of cancer research · 2026Article
- Machine Learning Models for Predicting Liver Metastasis at Diagnosis and Overall Survival in Ovarian Cancer: A SEER-Based Study.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Prognostic Factors and Treatment Outcomes in Gallbladder Cancer Patients Undergoing Curative Surgery: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Article
- Perforated Calculous Cholecystitis and Incidental Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Gallbladder-A Complex Relationship with a Difficult Management in the Acute Setting.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Machine Learning Algorithm for Predicting Distant Metastasis of T1 and T2 Gallbladder Cancer Based on SEER Database.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Liver metastasis is a common complication in gallbladder cancer (GBC). We design this study to develop models for predicting the development of liver metastasis in GBC patients and evaluate the risk of mortality in these patients with liver metastasis. Methods: GBC patients from Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) between 2010 and 2016 were included in this study. Logistic regression was performed to discover risk factors and construct predictive models for liver metastasis in GBC patients. Cox regression was utilized to find risk factors of mortality in GBC patients with liver metastasis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the performance of the constructed predictive models. Results: Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that T stage, N stage, and tumor grade were risk factors for liver metastasis in GBC patients. Composed of these factors, the model for predicting the development of liver metastasis had AUCs of 0.707 and 0.657 in the training cohort and testing cohort, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression showed that surgery of the primary site and chemotherapy were independently associated with the mortality of GBC patients with liver metastasis. Composed of these two factors, the predictive model for 1-year mortality of GBC patients with liver metastasis had AUCs of 0.734 and 0.776 in the training cohort and testing cohort, respectively. Conclusion: The predictive models that we constructed are helpful for surgeons to evaluate the risk of liver metastasis in GBC patients and the survival condition of those with liver metastasis. Surgery of the primary site and chemotherapy should be provided for GBC with liver metastasis.
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