ReviewFrontiers in oncology2022
The effects of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants on cancer outcomes in checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systemic treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced psoriasis: Inference-based guidance.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2025Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor associated vasculitis and polymyalgia rheumatica: a case series and systematic review.BMC rheumatology · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of glucocorticoid administration on therapeutic outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Comment on "Clinical experience with SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus".International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Fresh-blood immune profiling of immune-related adverse events in real-world patients identifies organ-specific and steroid responsiveness signatures.Immuno-oncology technology · 2026Article
- Systemic Glucocorticoid Immunosuppression and Survival Among Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Recipients.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Risk Factors and Survival Outcomes of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2026Article
- Final 3-year results from the EVIDENS study, an observational study of nivolumab in non-small cell lung cancer.Oncoimmunology · 2025Observational
- Hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of lichen planus-like cutaneous immune-related adverse events.JAAD case reports · 2025Article
- Impact of steroid dose and timing on efficacy of combination PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade.Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor associated lichenoid eruptions: a review of non-steroidal systemic maintenance therapies.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025Review
- Navigating liver toxicity in the age of novel oncological agents.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2025Review
- Glucocorticoids Downregulate PD-L1 in Glioblastoma Cells via GILZ-Mediated ERK Inhibition.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Long-term mortality outcomes among immunotherapy recipients treated with dupilumab for the management of cutaneous immune-related adverse events.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Concomitant medications in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma receiving enfortumab vedotin: real-world data from the ARON-2Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2025Article
- Expert Clinical Management of Inflammatory Immune-Related Arthritis in Patients with Cancer Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2025Article
- A Sonidegib Experience in the Treatment of Basal Cell Carcinoma with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2025Article
- Article
- Hepatotoxicity in Cancer Immunotherapy: Diagnosis, Management, and Future Perspectives.Cancers · 2024Review
- Challenges and pitfalls in the management of endocrine toxicities from immune checkpoint inhibitors: a case presentation of synchronous thyrotoxicosis and primary adrenal insufficiency in a melanoma patient.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The emergence of checkpoint inhibitors has created a paradigm shift for the treatment of various malignancies. However, although these therapies are associated with improved survival rates, they also carry the risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Moderate to severe irAEs are typically treated with glucocorticoids, sometimes with the addition of immunosuppressants as steroid-sparing therapy. However, it is unclear how glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants may impact cancer survival and the efficacy of immune checkpoint therapy on cancer. In this narrative review, we discuss the effects of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants including methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)-inhibitors, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, abatacept, rituximab, and Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) on cancer-specific outcomes in the setting of immune checkpoint inhibitor use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.