Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36081097›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2022

Development and Calibration of a Low-Cost, Piezoelectric Rainfall Sensor through Machine Learning.

Andrea Antonini, Samantha Melani, Alessandro Mazza, Luca Baldini, Elisa Adirosi, Alberto Ortolani

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. AI Methods in Sensor Calibration.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Special Issue "Rain Sensors".Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Andrea AntoniniLaboratory of Monitoring and Environmental Modelling for the Sustainable Development (LaMMA), 50019 Sesto F.no, FI, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2013-1521
Samantha MelaniLaboratory of Monitoring and Environmental Modelling for the Sustainable Development (LaMMA), 50019 Sesto F.no, FI, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8672-4736
Alessandro MazzaLaboratory of Monitoring and Environmental Modelling for the Sustainable Development (LaMMA), 50019 Sesto F.no, FI, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-5790-4041
Luca BaldiniInstitute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), National Research Council (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-5217-1205
Elisa AdirosiInstitute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), National Research Council (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9500-5004
Alberto OrtolaniLaboratory of Monitoring and Environmental Modelling for the Sustainable Development (LaMMA), 50019 Sesto F.no, FI, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3864-8411

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In situ measurements of precipitation are typically obtained by tipping bucket or weighing rain gauges or by disdrometers using different measurement principles. One of the most critical aspects of their operational use is the calibration, which requires the characterization of instrument responses both in laboratory and in real conditions. Another important issue with in situ measurements is the coverage. Dense networks are desirable, but the installation and maintenance costs can be unaffordable with most of the commercial conventional devices. This work presents the development of a prototype of an impact rain gauge based on a very low-cost piezoelectric sensor. The sensor was developed by assembling off-the-shelf and reused components following an easy prototyping approach; the calibration of the relationship between the different properties of the voltage signal, as sampled by the rain drop impact, and rainfall intensity was established using machine-learning methods. The comparison with 1-minute rainfall obtained by a co-located commercial disdrometer highlights the fairly good performance of the low-cost sensor in monitoring and characterizing rainfall events.

Indexed as

Environmental MonitoringRainCalibrationMachine Learninglow-cost acoustic disdrometermachine learningprecipitation estimationrain gauge

Identifiers

PMID36081097
PMCPMC9459799

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.