Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36080768›Full record

ArticlePolymers2022

Functional Nanogel from Natural Substances for Delivery of Doxorubicin.

Katya Kamenova, Lyubomira Radeva, Krassimira Yoncheva, Filip Ublekov, Martin A Ravutsov, Maya K Marinova, Svilen P Simeonov, Aleksander Forys, Barbara Trzebicka, Petar D Petrov

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Polymers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 21% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  3. Graphene Oxide: Preparation and Medical Research.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
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  5. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Katya KamenovaInstitute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Lyubomira RadevaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0002-3456-7027
Krassimira YonchevaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Filip UblekovInstitute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Martin A RavutsovInstitute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0002-0589-7342
Maya K MarinovaInstitute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Svilen P SimeonovInstitute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Aleksander ForysCentre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-6994-868X
Barbara TrzebickaCentre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-6131-4017
Petar D PetrovInstitute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0002-5777-2066
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences · BGCentre of Polymer and Carbon Materials · PLMedical University of Sofia · BGUniversity of Lisbon · PT

Funding

Bulgarian Science Fund КP-06-ОПР 01/2 - 14.12.2018.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nanogels (NGs) have attracted great attention because of their outstanding biocompatibility, biodegradability, very low toxicity, flexibility, and softness. NGs are characterized with a low and nonspecific interaction with blood proteins, meaning that they do not induce any immunological responses in the body. Due to these properties, NGs are considered promising candidates for pharmaceutical and biomedical application. In this work, we introduce the development of novel functional nanogel obtained from two naturally based products-citric acid (CA) and pentane-1,2,5-triol (PT). The nanogel was synthesized by precipitation esterification reaction of CA and PT in tetrahydrofuran using N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) catalyst system. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses revealed formation of spherical nanogel particles with a negative surface charge. Next, the nanogel was loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) by electrostatic interactions between carboxylic groups present in the nanogel and amino groups of DOX. The drug-loaded nanogel exhibited high encapsulation efficiency (EE~95%), and a bi-phasic release behavior. Embedding DOX into nanogel also stabilized the drug against photodegradation. The degradability of nanogel under acidic and neutral conditions with time was investigated as well.

Indexed as

citric aciddoxorubicindrug deliverynanocarriersnanogelspentane-1,2,5-triol

Identifiers

PMID36080768
PMCPMC9459996
OpenAlexW4295007630

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.