ArticleCells2022
Immune Determinants of Viral Clearance in Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients: Reduced Circulating Naïve CD4+ T Cell Counts Correspond with Delayed Viral Clearance.
Article in Cells, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing the Potential of an Enzymatically Liberated Salmon Oil to Support Immune Health Recovery from Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection via Change in the Expression of Cytokine, Chemokine and Interferon-Related Genes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Trial
- Therapeutic plasma exchange accelerates immune cell recovery in severe COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Trial
- Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infection on Short-Term CD4 Count Among Adults With HIV in the United States From 2020 to 2022.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Fatal SARS-CoV-2 Reactivation After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Severe Aplastic Anemia.Cureus · 2025Article
- Letter to the editor: Viral load decline time offers theoretical insight rather than practical value.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Post-COVID-19 condition in prospective inpatient and outpatient cohorts.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- CD4Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- A Robust Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-Specific T- and B-Cell Response Is Associated With Early Viral Clearance in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-Infected Immunocompromised Individuals.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- COVID-19: from immune response to clinical intervention.Precision clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Selectively T cell phosphorylation activation of azvudine in the thymus tissue with immune protection effect.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Article
- Longitudinal soluble marker profiles reveal strong association between cytokine storms resulting from macrophage activation and disease severity in COVID-19 disease.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Optimization of the STARlet workflow for semi-automatic SARS-CoV-2 screening of swabs and deep respiratory materials using the RealAccurate Quadruplex SARS-CoV-2 PCR kit and Allplex SARS-CoV-2 PCR kit.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Immune cell populations and induced immune responses at admission in patients hospitalized with vaccine breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- New insights into the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Tachykinins and the potential causal factors for post-COVID-19 condition.The Lancet. Microbe · 2023Review
- Airway Epithelial-Derived Immune Mediators in COVID-19.Viruses · 2023Review
- A comparison of five Illumina, Ion Torrent, and nanopore sequencing technology-based approaches for whole genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2023Article
- Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 immunogenicity: loss of immunodominant HLA-A*02-restricted epitopes that activate CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Innate and adaptive immune response in SARS-CoV-2 infection-Current perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
28 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Virus-specific cellular and humoral responses are major determinants for protection from critical illness after SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the magnitude of the contribution of each of the components to viral clearance remains unclear. Here, we studied the timing of viral clearance in relation to 122 immune parameters in 102 hospitalised patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 in a longitudinal design. Delayed viral clearance was associated with more severe disease and was associated with higher levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific (neutralising) antibodies over time, increased numbers of neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, and a range of pro-inflammatory cyto-/chemokines illustrating ongoing, partially Th2 dominating, immune activation. In contrast, early viral clearance and less critical illness correlated with the peak of neutralising antibodies, higher levels of CD4 T cells, and in particular naïve CD4+ T cells, suggesting their role in early control of SARS-CoV-2 possibly by proving appropriate B cell help. Higher counts of naïve CD4+ T cells also correlated with lower levels of MIF, IL-9, and TNF-beta, suggesting an indirect role in averting prolonged virus-induced tissue damage. Collectively, our data show that naïve CD4+ T cell play a critical role in rapid viral T cell control, obviating aberrant antibody and cytokine profiles and disease deterioration. These data may help in guiding risk stratification for severe COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.