ArticleCancers2022
Safety and Efficacy of Allogeneic Natural Killer Cells in Combination with Pembrolizumab in Patients with Chemotherapy-Refractory Biliary Tract Cancer: A Multicenter Open-Label Phase 1/2a Trial.
Article in Cancers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comprehensive molecular characterization to predict immunotherapy response in advanced biliary tract cancer: a phase II trial of pembrolizumab.Oncology research · 2025Trial
- Mechanisms of tumor cell evasion from NK cell-mediated killing and advances in NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy.Pharmaceutical science advances · 2026Review
- Engineered Natural Killer Cell Derived-Extracellular Vesicles: An Acellular Immunotherapy with Cytotoxic Effects in SNU-1079 Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cells.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- The Evolving Landscape of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy in Cholangiocarcinoma and Biliary Tract Cancer.Cancers · 2026Review
- Cellular immunotherapy in melanoma: the next frontier in cancer treatment.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- Customized Marketing Strategies for Cancer Immunocyte Therapy Based on its Distinctive Attributes.Cancer management and research · 2026Review
- A new era of natural killer cell immunotherapy in tumor treatment: latest advances and cutting-edge perspectives from basic research to clinical practice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Overcoming heterogeneity and immunosuppression: novel strategies in adoptive therapy for biliary tract cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Challenges and opportunities of human iPSC-derived NK as "Off-the-shelf" cellular therapies.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- Precision medicine for advanced biliary tract cancer in China: current status and future perspectives.Frontiers of medicine · 2025Review
- Targeting the tumor microenvironment in cholangiocarcinoma to improve immune checkpoint blockade: potential strategies and translational pre-clinical models.Clinical & translational immunology · 2025Review
- The advantages of NK cell vaccines in solid carcinoma clinical trials: conducted by various biology strategy and technology.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Recovery efficiency and functional characterization of T cells and NK cells from leukocyte filters.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Recent updates in the therapeutic uses of Pembrolizumab: a brief narrative review.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2024Review
- Disruption of TGF-β signaling pathway is required to mediate effective killing of hepatocellular carcinoma by human iPSC-derived NK cells.Cell stem cell · 2024Article
- Natural killer cell therapies.Nature · 2024Review
- Focusing on the Immune Cells: Recent Advances in Immunotherapy for Biliary Tract Cancer.Cancer management and research · 2024Review
- Tumor immune microenvironment and the current immunotherapy of cholangiocarcinoma (Review).International journal of oncology · 2023Review
- Immune evasion and therapeutic opportunities based on natural killer cells.Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2023Article
- Immunotherapy in Biliary Tract Cancers: Current Standard-of-Care and Emerging Strategies.Cancers · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimThis study investigated the administration of combination therapy, allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells and pembrolizumab in the treatment of advanced biliary tract cancer to determine the safety and tolerability (phase 1) and the efficacy and safety (phase 2a).
methodsForty patients (phase 1,
resultsIn phase 1, four patients (66.7%) experienced seven AEs, but no severe AE was observed. In phase 2a, 126 AEs occurred in 29 patients (85.3%). Severe AEs (≥grade 3) were reported in 16 patients (47.1%). The overall response rate (ORR) was 17.4% in the full analysis set and 50.0% in the per-protocol set.
conclusionsSMT-NKs plus pembrolizumab resulted in no severe AEs directly related to the drug combination. The combination therapy also exerted antitumor activity with improved efficacy compared to the recent monotherapy with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.