ReviewCancers2022
Immunotherapy for Aggressive and Metastatic Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (PitNETs): State-of-the Art.
Review in Cancers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapy for aggressive pituitary tumors and carcinomas.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Predictive value of serum CCL18 for recurrence and invasiveness in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Life-Threatening Radiation Necrosis After Complete Response to Pembrolizumab in a Patient With a Metastatic Silent PIT1 Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor (PitNET).Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997) · 2026Article
- New Insights from the Expression of the Mismatch Repair System in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors.Endocrine pathology · 2026Article
- Dominant T cell receptor clonotypes in adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary carcinoma are the highest-frequency clones among CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The Pituitary Immune Environment and Immunotherapy: From Hypophysitis to Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors.Cells · 2025Review
- Dysregulation of Purinergic Signaling Sustains Chronic Inflammation and Oxidative Imbalance in Patients After PitNET Surgical Resection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Aggressive pituitary tumors and pituitary carcinomas: Definition, management, and overview for clinical practice.Neuro-oncology advances · 2025Article
- Developmental pluripotency-associated 4 increases aggressiveness of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors by enhancing cell stemness.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- PD-L1 expression in PitNETs: Correlations with the 2022 WHO classification.Brain & spine · 2025Article
- Molecular Basis of Aggressiveness in Pituitary Adenomas and Its Association With the Immune Microenvironment.International journal of genomics · 2025Article
- Therapeutical Usefulness of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in Aggressive or Metastatic Pituitary Tumours.Cancers · 2024Review
- The Immune Microenvironment Landscape of Pituitary NeuroEndocrine Tumors, a Transcriptomic Approach.Genes · 2024Article
- A Study of Alternative TrkA Splicing Identifies TrkAIII as a Novel Potentially Targetable Participant in PitNET Progression.Biology · 2024Article
- Aggressive Pituitary Tumors and Pituitary Carcinomas: From Pathology to Treatment.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Transcriptome of GH-producing pituitary neuroendocrine tumours and models are significantly affected by somatostatin analogues.Cancer cell international · 2023Article
- Case report: Identification of potential prognosis-related LAG3 overexpression and DICER1 mutation in pituitary carcinoma: two cases.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Aggressive and metastatic PitNETs are challenging conditions. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are currently considered in cases resistant to temozolomide (TMZ). However, clinical experience is essentially limited to case reports, with variable outcomes. Material and Methods: The effects of ICIs on 12 aggressive/metastatic PitNETs from the literature were reviewed and analyzed according to tumor characteristics, with the additional description of a silent-Pit1 metastatic tumor responding to pembrolizumab. Results: Most cases were metastatic (10/13: 6 corticotroph, 3 lactotroph, 1 silent Pit1); 3 were aggressive (2 corticotroph, 1 lactotroph). ICIS was used either as monotherapy or in combination. At last follow-up on ICI, a complete response (CR) was present in 3 cases and a partial response (PR) in 2 cases (4/5 metastatic). One sustained stable disease (SD) was reported. Progressive disease (PD) was observed in 7 cases, 3 of them after initial SD (n = 1) or PR (n = 3), with 2 reported deaths. PDL1 expression was studied in 10 cases and was high (>95%) in 2 Pit1-derived metastatic PitNETs (1 CR and 1 remarkable PR) but absent/low (<1%) in the remaining cases (including 1 CP and 2 PR). Elevated tumor mutation burden could be informative in corticotroph PitNETs, especially in mismatch repair-deficient tumors. Conclusion: Significant benefits from ICIs were documented in about half of TMZ-resistant PitNETS. High PDL1 expression was associated with remarkable responses but may be dispensable. Based on their acceptable tolerance and awaiting recognized predictors of response, ICIs may be considered a valuable option for such patients.
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