ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Systemic Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Affects BDNF and Autophagy into the Retina of Diabetic Mice.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Training Load Oscillation and Epigenetic Plasticity: Molecular Pathways Connecting Energy Metabolism and Athletic Personality.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (GPR109A) and retinopathies: pathways and prospects.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- BDH1-Dependent Ketone Body Metabolism Maintains Müller Cell Homeostasis and Retinal Function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Macrophage polarization in diabetic vascular complications: mechanistic insights and therapeutic targets.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Enhancing Retinal Resilience: The Neuroprotective Promise of BDNF in Diabetic Retinopathy.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Mitigates Sensorimotor and Cognitive Impairments in a Photothrombosis-Induced Ischemic Stroke in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Effects and potential mechanisms of exercise and physical activity on eye health and ocular diseases.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- Fundamental Neurochemistry Review: Microglial immunometabolism in traumatic brain injury.Journal of neurochemistry · 2023Review
- Inhibition of Galectins and the P2X7 Purinergic Receptor as a Therapeutic Approach in the Neurovascular Inflammation of Diabetic Retinopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Three Major Causes of Metabolic Retinal Degenerations and Three Ways to Avoid Them.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Autophagy in the retinal neurovascular unit: New perspectives into diabetic retinopathy.Journal of diabetes · 2023Review
- The role of autophagy in the treatment of type II diabetes and its complications: a review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- The proteomic effects of ketone bodies: implications for proteostasis and brain proteinopathies.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a neurovascular disease, characterized by a deficiency of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a regulator of autophagy. Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), previously reported as a protective agent in DR, has been associated with BDNF promotion. Here, we investigated whether systemic BHB affects the retinal levels of BDNF and local autophagy in diabetic mice with retinopathy; Methods: C57BL/6J mice were administered with intraperitoneal (i.p.) streptozotocin (STZ) (75 mg/kg) injection to develop diabetes. After 2 weeks, they received i.p. injections of BHB (25−50−100 mg/kg) twice a week for 10 weeks. Retinal samples were collected in order to perform immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and ELISA analysis; Results: BHB 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg significantly improved retinal BDNF levels (p < 0.01) in diabetic mice. This improvement was negatively associated with autophagosome−lysosome formations (marked by LC3B and ATG14) and to higher levels of connexin 43 (p < 0.01), a marker of cell integrity. Moreover, BHB administration significantly reduced M1 microglial activation and autophagy (p < 0.01); Conclusions: The systemic administration of BHB in mice with DR improves the retinal levels of BDNF, with the consequent reduction of the abnormal microglial autophagy. This leads to retinal cell safety through connexin 43 restoration.
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