ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
NAD/NAMPT and mTOR Pathways in Melanoma: Drivers of Drug Resistance and Prospective Therapeutic Targets.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Computational Identification of New Dual PAK4 and NAMPT Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Overexpression of NMNAT3 suppresses melanoma progression by reprogramming NAD⁺ metabolism.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Regulation and Implementation of Apoptosis in Melanoma Tumor Cells withCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- PROTAC-based protein degradation: a window of opportunity for melanoma therapy.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
- Inhibition of TRAF3IP2 Modulates NAMPT and NAD Metabolism in Glioblastoma.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Article
- Complex Inhibitory Activity of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids against Cutaneous Melanoma In Vitro and In Vivo: A Literature Review and Reconstruction of Their Melanoma-Related Protein Interactome.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Review
- A mini-review-cancer energy reprogramming on drug resistance and immune response.Translational oncology · 2024Review
- Inhibition of NAMPT by PAK4 Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Biological Functions and Therapeutic Potential of NADCancers · 2024Review
- RICTOR/mTORC2 downregulation in BRAFMolecular cancer · 2024Article
- Unveiling the mechanisms and challenges of cancer drug resistance.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Review
- PPARs and the Kynurenine Pathway in Melanoma-Potential Biological Interactions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Association of High LAT1 Expression with Poor Prognosis and Recurrence in Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated with Oxaliplatin-Based Adjuvant Chemotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Low-molecular-weight fucoidan inhibits the proliferation of melanoma via Bcl-2 phosphorylation and PTEN/AKT pathway.Oncology research · 2023Article
- FBXW7 attenuates tumor drug resistance and enhances the efficacy of immunotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Malignant melanoma represents the most fatal skin cancer due to its aggressive behavior and high metastatic potential. The introduction of BRAF/MEK inhibitors and immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the clinic has dramatically improved patient survival over the last decade. However, many patients either display primary (i.e., innate) or develop secondary (i.e., acquired) resistance to systemic treatments. Therapeutic resistance relies on the rewiring of multiple processes, including cancer metabolism, epigenetics, gene expression, and interactions with the tumor microenvironment that are only partially understood. Therefore, reliable biomarkers of resistance or response, capable of facilitating the choice of the best treatment option for each patient, are currently missing. Recently, activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism and, in particular, of its rate-limiting enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) have been identified as key drivers of targeted therapy resistance and melanoma progression. Another major player in this context is the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which plays key roles in the regulation of melanoma cell anabolic functions and energy metabolism at the switch between sensitivity and resistance to targeted therapy. In this review, we summarize known resistance mechanisms to ICIs and targeted therapy, focusing on metabolic adaptation as one main mechanism of drug resistance. In particular, we highlight the roles of NAD/NAMPT and mTOR signaling axes in this context and overview data in support of their inhibition as a promising strategy to overcome treatment resistance.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.