ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
An Update on the Effects of Vitamin D on the Immune System and Autoimmune Diseases.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 157 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
157 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 240 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chronic urticaria and vitamin D supplementations: a systematic review.European journal of medical research · 2025Pooled it
- Vitamin D Deficiency Meets Hill's Criteria for Causation in SARS-CoV-2 Susceptibility, Complications, and Mortality: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- High Doses of Vitamin D and Specific Metabolic Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Impact of vitamin D on cognitive functions in healthy individuals: A systematic review in randomized controlled clinical trials.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Daily Vitamin D3 Versus Stoss Vitamin D3 for Correction of 25OHD Deficiency in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease, a Randomised Controlled Trial.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2025Trial
- Standard Doses of Cholecalciferol Reduce Glucose and Increase Glutamine in Obesity-Related Hypertension: Results of a Randomized Trial.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Trial
- Influence of Vitamin E Intake on Sexual Function and Depressive Symptoms in Young Women with Euthyroid Autoimmune Thyroiditis Undergoing Vitamin D Therapy: A Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Ambient temperature and sunshine hours are not associated with type 1 diabetes incidence in subtropical Taiwan: a nationwide time-series analysis.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Serum Vitamin D Levels and Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Association with Anti-dsDNA Antibodies and Selected Lifestyle Factors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Vitamin D as a cellular endocrine system: Tissue-specific microcircuits, immune reprogramming, and metabolic resistance.iScience · 2026Review
- Vitamin D as an Immuno-Endocrine Modulator: Discovering Its Role in Autoimmune Disorders and Host Defense Mechanisms.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Migration status, country of origin and long-term outcomes in multiple sclerosis: a Swedish nationwide study.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Role of Vitamin D in Modulating the Innate Immune Response in Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Vitamin D-Related Signaling and Epigenetic Regulation: Evidence from Experimental, Observational, and Interventional Studies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Vitamin D receptor expression in human adrenal medulla and pheochromocytoma cells.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Genetic Polymorphisms of Vitamin D Receptor and Immune-Metabolic Mechanisms in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Narrative Review.Biology · 2026Review
- The Role of Vitamin D in Neuropathic Pain: Biological Mechanisms and Clinical Relevance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Correlation analysis between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and thyroid peroxidase antibody positivity in preconception women.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Article
97 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vitamin D intervenes in calcium and phosphate metabolism and bone homeostasis. Experimental studies have shown that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) generates immunologic activities on the innate and adaptive immune system and endothelial membrane stability. Low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) are associated with an increased risk of developing immune-related diseases such as psoriasis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and autoimmune diseases. Various clinical trials describe the efficacy of supplementation of vitamin D and its metabolites for treating these diseases that result in variable outcomes. Different disease outcomes are observed in treatment with vitamin D as high inter-individual difference is present with complex gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, it is still not fully known what level of serum 25(OH)D is needed. The current recommendation is to increase vitamin D intake and have enough sunlight exposure to have serum 25(OH)D at a level of 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L) and better at 40-60 ng/mL (100-150 nmol/L) to obtain the optimal health benefits of vitamin D.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.